Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Deuteronomy 15:2/אבן עזרא על דברים ט״ו:ב׳
אמשה. במשקל מטה והוא שם לפי דעתי ולפי דעת רבים הוא פועל ובעל כמו והחכמה תחיה בעליה את נפש בעליו יקח והטעם מי שהדבר ברשותו:
1CREDITOR. The word masheh (loan) follows the paradigm of matteh (rod) (Ex. 4:4).9 can be taken as a verb. Hence I.E.’s comment that it is a noun and follows the vocalization of nouns like matteh. I believe that masheh is a noun.10 However, many believe that masheh is a verb.11 The word ba’al (creditor) is similar to be’aleha (him that hath it) in wisdom preserveth the life of him that hath it (Eccles. 7:12) and be’alav (the owners thereof) in It taketh away the life of the owners thereof (Prov. 1:19). It means the one who has the matter12 in his power.
בישה. פועל יוצא והלוקח יקרא נושה בו:
2THAT WHICH HE HATH LENT. Yasheh (that which he hath lent) is a transitive verb. The one who borrows is called a nosheh bo (a borrower) (Is. 24:2).13
גיגוש. ילחץ כמו וכל עצביכם תנגושו והנה נראה הנו״ן בפעלי העתיד מבעלי הנו״ן:
3HE SHALL NOT EXACT IT. The word yiggos (exact) means to press. Compare, tingosu (exact) in and exact all your labors (Is. 58:3). Look, the nun is visible in the imperfect in a word whose stem begins with a nun.14 is present in tingosu (exact), which is an imperfect whose stem begins with a nun. The nun is usually dropped in such instances. Hence I.E.’s comment.
דשמטה לה'. לכבוד השם שנתן לו הממון וטעם הסמך המל' לשם בעבור שבת היא לה':
4THE LORD’S RELEASE.15. Literally, a remission to the Lord. In honor of God,16 who has bestowed wealth upon him. The name of God is connected to the word release because the year of release is called a Sabbath unto the Lord (Lev. 25:2,4).17