Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Deuteronomy 16:1/אבן עזרא על דברים ט״ז:א׳
אאת חדש האביב. נקרא כן בעבור שהיה בו אביב בצאתם ממצרים והמכחישים אמרו כי לא נעשה פסח בלא אביב וכבר השיבותי על הבליהם גם אנחנו נודה כי בית דין היה מסתכל לאביב ודע כי אין לחדשים בלשון הקדש שמות כי ניסן סיון גם כסליו גם טבת גם אדד שהם נזכרים במקרא הם לשון כשדים על כן אמר הוא חדש ניסן רק מצאנו זיו ואיתני' ובול וטעם ראשון כאשר ימצא האביב הנו חדש הראשון כי משם יחל לספור החדשי' אם היתה שנה שעברה שנים עשר חדש או שלשה עשר לא נחוש על זה וזה טעם ראשון רק קדמונינו ז״ל העתיקו עם האביב דברים אחרים וכל דבריהם אמת:
1THE MONTH OF ABIV. It is called the month of Aviv because when the Israelites went out of the land of Egypt, the first of the barley crop (aviv)1 as the first of the barley crop. Thus according to I.E. the month of Abiv means the month when the first of the barley crop appears in the field. appeared in the fields in that month. Those who deny the Rabbinic tradition say that Passover2 is not to be observed if the first of the barley crop has not appeared.3 did not appear, then the paschal lamb was not offered that year. They do not believe that an additional month was added to the year if the aviv had not yet arrived. (See Meijler). I have previously responded to their nonsense.4 We will also admit that the Beth Din5 took the appearance of the first barley crop into consideration.6. 11a,b. Note that in Hebrew the months have no names.7 Nisan (Esth. 3:7; Neh. 2:1), Sivan (Esth. 8:9), and also Kislev (Neh. 1:1), Tevet (Esth. 2:16), and Adar (Esth. 3:7), which are mentioned in Scripture, are Chaldean terms. Hence Scripture states, which is the month of Nisan (Ibid.).8. Scripture identifies the first month by its Chaldean name because the Jews did not call the month by that name in earlier times. However, we find Ziv (I Kings 6:37),9 Etanim (I Kings 8:2),10 and Bul (I Kings 6:38).11 The meaning of first12. is that when you find the first barley ripe, then the first month has arrived, for one starts counting the months from it We do not care about this,13 whether the year that passed consisted of twelve months or thirteen months.14 This is the meaning of first.15 arrives. However, the ancients of blessed memory transmitted traditions regarding many other things along with the ripe barley grain.16. 11:a,b. All of their words are true.
בלילה. הוציאך מתחת רשות פרעה והקרוב עוד אפרשנו:
2BY NIGHT.17 He took you from the authority of Pharaoh. They left Egypt close to night.18 I will explain it later.19