Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Deuteronomy 23:20/אבן עזרא על דברים כ״ג:כ׳
אלא תשיך לאחיך. בעבור שהזכיר העבד הנכרי אע״פ שכתוב בו לא תוננו יש לך רשות שתשיכנו:
1THOU SHALT NOT LEND UPON INTEREST TO THY BROTHER. This law is mentioned here because Scripture earlier mentions the non-Jewish bondman (v. 17). Scripture states that even though it is prohibited to wrong the latter,68 it is permitted to take interest from him.
בלא תשיך לאחיך. יש הפרש בין תשך לתשיך והטעם שלא תקבל מאחיך שיתן לך רבית גם הוא עובר על מצות רבית והנה המלה יוצאה לשנים פעולים ורבים אמרו כי תשיך כמו תשך אין הפרש ביניהם וכמו כן פעולים רבים במקרא:
2THOU SHALT NOT LEND UPON INTEREST TO THY BROTHER. There is a difference between tishokh (you shall take interest)69. and tashikh (Thou shalt lend upon interest).70. The meaning of lo tashikh (Thou shalt not lend upon interest) is, you shall not accept interest from your brother when he offers it;71 is you shall not cause interest to be given. your brother also violates the law regarding interest.72 Notice, tashikh is a word governing two acts.73 and refers to both you and your brother. You shall not cause your brother to give you interest, and your brother shall not give you interest. Many say that tashikh is similar to tishokh.74 is a hifil, it has the meaning of a kal. It means you shall not take interest. There is no difference between them. There are many such verbs in Scripture.75 with the meaning of the kal.