Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Exodus 12:48/אור החיים על שמות י״ב:מ״ח
אוְכִי יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר. כָּאן הִסְכִּים עַל קַבָּלַת גֵּרִים מֵהָעֵרֶב רַב כְּדַעַת מֹשֶׁה, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ אִתְּךָ. עוֹד רָמַז דַּעַת עֶלְיוֹן כִּי לֹא הִסְכִּימָה עַל הַדָּבָר אֶלָּא לִרְצוֹן מֹשֶׁה ה׳ חָפֵץ, כְּאָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שמות רבה מב). וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ אִתְּךָ גֵּר, פֵּרוּשׁ, עִמְּךָ הוּא גֵּר, שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה בָּקִי בַּנִּסְתָּרוֹת וְלֹא מַחְשְׁבוֹתַי מַחְשְׁבוֹתֵיכֶם, וְצֵא וּלְמַד מַה עָלְתָה בְּיָדָם מֵהֶם.
1 וכי יגור אתך גר, "When a stranger will sojourn with you, etc." This was Moses' authority to accept converts from amongst the Egyptians. The reason the Torah writes אתך, "with you" (sing), is that such conversions had to be personally approved by Moses. There is also a hint here that G'd agreed to this only reluctantly, i.e. לרצון משה, and that is why the Torah wrote אתך גר, "he is a stranger (proselyte) with you, (but not with Me). G'd's reluctance was due to Moses' inability to examine G'd's hidden reasons. We all know what the result of Moses' accepting such proselytes was and how they triggered the sin of the golden calf.
בהִמּוֹל לוֹ כָל זָכָר. פֵּרוּשׁ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּילַת עֶבֶד מְעַכֶּבֶת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל, גַּם הַגֵּר מִילַת עֲבָדָיו וְכוּ׳ מְעַכֶּבֶת אוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּמּוֹל לוֹ כָּל זָכָר. וְאָמְרוֹ וְאָז יִקְרַב וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ לֹא יִצְטָרֵךְ שֶׁיִּשְׁחֲטוּ אֲחֵרִים עָלָיו אֶלָּא הוּא בְּעַצְמוֹ יִקְרַב לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ, וְהָיָה כְּאֶזְרַח וְגוֹ׳:
2המול לו כל זכר, "let all his males be circumcised, etc." Just as failure to circumcise a slave prevents such a slave from participating in the Passover, so failure of a proselyte to circumcise all his male slaves is a prerequisite before the proselyte himself can eat of the Passover. The reason that the Torah adds ואז יקרב, "and then he may approach," is to tell us that he does not need to appoint a natural born Jew to slaughter his Passover offering but that he may do so himself. This is why the Torah adds: "he will be just like a natural born Jew."