Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Exodus 32:13/אור החיים על שמות ל״ב:י״ג

אזְכֹר לְאַבְרָהָם וְגוֹ׳. אֵין הַכַּוָּנָה עַל הַשְּׁבוּעָה, שֶׁזֶּה כְּבָר הֵשִׁיבוֹ ה׳ שֶׁיְּקַיֵּם שְׁבוּעָתוֹ בְּזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה וְיִהְיֶה לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל וְהוּא זַרְעָם שֶׁל אָבוֹת גַּם כֵּן, אֶלָּא בָּא לוֹמַר כִּי יִתְעַצְּבוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים מְאֹד עַל הַמְּאוֹרָע. גַּם בָּא בְּטַעֲנָה שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִזְכֹּר זְכוּתָם מִטַּעַם שֶׁאָמַר בַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת (שמות כ:ו) ״וְעֹשֶׂה חֶסֶד לַאֲלָפִים לְאֹהֲבַי״, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ עֲבָדֶיךָ, וְאָמְרוֹ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ וְגוֹ׳, כָּל זֶה לְהַגְדִּיל הַמּוּשָּׂג לָאָבוֹת לְצַד הָאַהֲבָה.
1 זכור לאברהם, "Remember Abraham, etc." Here Moses did not refer to G'd's oath to Abraham to make him into a great nation, etc., a comment G'd had already replied to earlier. Moses referred to the sadness which would engulf people when they would hear about what happened. Moses also argued the merit of the Patriarchs based on G'd's promise in the Ten Commandments (20,6) that He considered such merits for thousands of generations to those who "loved Him and observed His commandments." Moses added the words "Your servants, and "You have sworn," in order to give still greater meaning to what G'd had stated in the Ten Commandments.
בוְכָל הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת וְגוֹ׳. רַבּוּ בָּזֶה הַדְּרָכִים, וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים שֶׁהֵם דִּבְרֵי מֹשֶׁה שֶׁאָמַר לִפְנֵי ה׳ מַה שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם וְגוֹ׳, וְאֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר כִּי הוּא דִּבְרֵי ה׳, וּפֵרוּשׁ אָמַרְתִּי לְשׁוֹן מַעֲלָה, עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (ישעיה ג:י) ״אִמְרוּ צַדִּיק״, וְזֶהוּ פֵּרוּשׁ כָּל הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳ אֲשֶׁר רוֹמַמְתִּי עַל כָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת אֶתֵּן וְגוֹ׳, וְכֵן מָצִינוּ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (דברים יא:יב) ״אֶרֶץ אֲשֶׁר וְגוֹ׳ עֵינֵי ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ״ וְגוֹ׳, וְהַכַּוָּנָה בָּזֶה לְהַזְכִּיר מַעֲלָתָם לְפָנָיו.
2וכל הארץ הזאת, "and this whole land, etc." There are many ways of interpreting these words. Some say that they are part of Moses' words who quotes what G'd had said to the Patriarchs. It is equally possible that they are words spoken by G'd. The meaning of אמרתי would then have to be understood in a sense similar to Isaiah 3,10: "declare that the צדיק is good!" Here G'd would be proclaiming the superiority of the land of Israel by saying: "I declare that I have elevated the patriarchs by swearing to give such a superior land to their descendants, etc." We can find a parallel to this in Deut. 11,11-12, where the land of Israel is described in terms of being a superior land.