Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Exodus 33:11/אור החיים על שמות ל״ג:י״א
אוְדִבֶּר ה׳ וְגוֹ׳ פָּנִים אֶל פָּנִים. הַכַּוָּנָה בָּזֶה הוּא, כְּפִי שִׁעוּר הַהֲכָנָה שֶׁהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה מֹשֶׁה לְהַקְבָּלַת פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה, לְאוֹתוֹ שִׁעוּר תִּהְיֶה הַהַשָּׂגָה מִפָּנִים הָעֶלְיוֹנִים, כִּי כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר יָכִין אָדָם עַצְמוֹ לְהַשְׁפָּעַת הַקְּדֻשָּׁה יַשִּׂיג.
1 ודבר ה׳ אל משה פנים אל פנים, "and G'd spoke with Moses face to face." The message of this verse is that the intimacy between Moses and G'd was in direct proportion to the preparation Moses made to welcome G'd's presence. This teaches each of us that the attainment of sanctity is in direct proportion to the efforts we make to attain it.
בוְאָמְרוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, יִתְבָּאֵר לְדַרְכֵּנוּ עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרוֹ (משלי כז:יט) ״כַּמַּיִם הַפָּנִים לַפָּנִים כֵּן לֵב הָאָדָם לָאָדָם״, פֵּרוּשׁ כִּי הַלְּבָבוֹת יַשְׂכִּילוּ בַּנֶּעְלָם אִם לֶאֱהוֹב אִם לִשְׂנוֹא, כִּי כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר יָכִין הָאָדָם לִבּוֹ לֶאֱהוֹב חֲבֵרוֹ כְּמוֹ כֵן יִתְבּוֹנֵן לֵב חֲבֵרוֹ לֶאֱהוֹב אוֹתוֹ, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ שֶׁלֹּא יֹאהֲבֵהוּ אִם לֹא יָכִין לִבּוֹ לִהְיוֹת גַּם הוּא רֵעֵהוּ, כְּמוֹ כֵן דִּבֵּר ה׳ פָּנִים אֶל פָּנִים. וּמֵעַתָּה יַבְחִין אָדָם מַה הוּא עִם קוֹנוֹ – אִם לְבָבוֹ יִתְאַוֶּה וְיַחְשׁוֹק בַּה׳ וּבַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ הִנֵּה זֶה סִימָן כִּי ה׳ אֲהֵבוֹ.
2כאשר ידבר איש אל רעהו, "as a man speaks to his friend." We understand this simile as emphasising the word רעהו, "his friend." We find a similar thought in Proverbs 27,19: "as face to face [is reflected] in water, so man's heart [will be reflected by his counterpart]." Solomon speaks of a mental telepathy between the hearts of people who do not even see each other but perceive whether their counterpart loves them or hates them. The relationship between man and invisible G'd is based on something deeper than the exterior sense of sight. The heart senses the attitude of its opposite number. If someone prepares to love his fellow man the heart of his fellow man responds to such invisible feelings. Alternatively, the meaning is that just as his "friend" will not love him unless he has reciprocated the feeling of love, so is G'd's attitude to us. If one wishes to gauge one's standing in the eyes of G'd one needs only to examine one's own attitude towards G'd and His service. If one feels the urge to serve the Lord and delights in doing so, this is proof that G'd relates to such a person with love.