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Ramban on Numbers 20:14/רמב"ן על במדבר כ׳:י״ד
אאֶל מֶלֶךְ אֱדוֹם – לֹא הִזְכִּיר הַכָּתוּב שְׁמוֹ כִּי אֵין צֹרֶךְ, אֲבָל הִזְכִּיר סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג מַלְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי בִּשְׁמוֹתָם, בַּעֲבוּר כִּי הָיוּ יְדוּעִים בִּגְבוּרָה וְלָהֶם שֵׁם בַּגּוֹיִם, לְהוֹדוֹת לְפָנָיו יִתְבָּרַךְ כִּי עָשָׂה עִמָּנוּ לְהַפְלִיא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לְמַכֵּה מְלָכִים גְּדוֹלִים כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ, לְסִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִי כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ, וּלְעוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ״ (תהלים קלו יז-כ). וּמִנְהַג הַכָּתוּב לְהַזְכִּיר שֵׁם גְּדוֹלֵי הַמְּלָכִים אֲשֶׁר יָרַשְׁנוּ אֶת אַרְצָם, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁהִזְכִּיר בִּיהוֹשֻׁעַ חֲמֵשֶׁת מַלְכֵי הָאֱמוֹרִי: אֲדֹנִי צֶדֶק מֶלֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהוֹהָם מֶלֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן, וּפִרְאָם מֶלֶךְ יַרְמוּת, וְיָפִיעַ מֶלֶךְ לָכִישׁ, וּדְבִיר מֶלֶךְ עֶגְלוֹן (יהושע י ג), וְיוֹבָב מֶלֶךְ מָדוֹן וְיָבִין מֶלֶךְ חָצוֹר (שם יא א), וּשְׁאָר הַמְּלָכִים הִזְכִּירָם בְּמִסְפָּר (שם יב ט-כד) לֹא בְּשֵׁמוֹת. וְאָמַר הַכָּתוּב ״וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אֱדוֹם״ כִּי נִסְכְּמוּ כָּל עַמּוֹ עִם אֲדוֹנֵיהֶם בַּמֵּאוּן הַזֶּה:
1AND MOSES SENT MESSENGERS FROM KADESH UNTO THE KING OF EDOM. Scripture did not mention the king’s name, because there was no necessity to do so. It did, however, mention Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, by name, because they were famous for their strength, and they had a name among195 the nations; [therefore it stresses] that we should give thanks to Him, blessed be He, for having dealt wondrously with us, as it is said, To Him that smote great kings; for His mercy endureth for ever … Sihon king of the Amorites; for His mercy endureth for ever. And Og king of Bashan; for His mercy endureth for ever.196 And it is customary for Scripture to mention the names of the great kings whose lands we inherited, just as it mentioned in [the Book of] Joshua the five kings of the Amorites:197 Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem, and Hoham king of Hebron, and Piram king of Jarmuth, and Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon.198, Verse 3. [It mentioned also] Jabin king of Hazor,199, 11:1. but the rest of the kings it mentioned only by number,200, 12:9-24. not by name [because they were not famous for their strength]. Scripture states [here], And ‘Edom’ said unto him201 [and it does not say: “and ‘the king’ of Edom said”], because the whole people agreed with their ruler in his refusal [to allow the Israelites to pass through their land].