Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 21:34/רמב"ן על במדבר כ״א:ל״ד
אאַל תִּירָא אוֹתוֹ – כִּי הָיָה מֹשֶׁה יָרֵא שֶׁמָּא תַּעֲמֹד לוֹ זְכוּתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: ״וַיָּבֹא הַפָּלִיט וַיַּגֵּד לְאַבְרָם הָעִבְרִי״ (בראשית יד יג), וְהוּא עוֹג שֶׁפָּלַט מִן הָרְפָאִים שֶׁהִכּוּ אַמְרָפֶל וַחֲבֵרָיו בְּעַשְׁתְּרוֹת קַרְנַיִם. לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ״י (רש״י על במדבר כ״א:ל״ד) מִדִּבְרֵי רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (במדב״ר יט יט). נִתְעוֹרְרוּ גַּם בָּזֶה מִדַּעְתָּם שֶׁלֹּא יִירָא מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ מִזְּרוֹעַ בָּשָׂר, כִּי עִמּוֹ ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ, וְכָל הַגּוֹיִם כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ, מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ לוֹ. וְהוּא הַמַּזְהִיר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל: ״אַל תִּירְאוּ וְאַל תַּעַרְצוּ מִפְּנֵיהֶם״ (דברים לא ו), וְהוּא הַמַּאֲשִׁים אוֹתָם בְּיִרְאָתָם, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּמְרַגְּלִים: ״וָאֹמַר אֲלֵיכֶם לֹא תַּעַרְצוּן וְלֹא תִירְאוּן מֵהֶם, ה' אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הוּא יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם״ (שם א כט ל). אֲבָל נִתְיָרֵא מֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי הַזְּכוּת שֶׁיָּדַע לוֹ. וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט, לֹא הָיָה בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה לְהוֹרִישׁ עַתָּה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג כַּאֲשֶׁר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי (לעיל פסוק כא כב). וְהִנֵּה סִיחוֹן יָצָא לִקְרַאת יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמִּדְבָּרָה וַיִּלָּחֶם בָּם עַל כָּרְחָם, אָז הוֹדִיעוֹ הַשֵּׁם: ״רְאֵה הַחִלֹּתִי תֵּת לְפָנֶיךָ אֶת סִיחֹן וְאֶת אַרְצוֹ הָחֵל רָשׁ״ (דברים ב לא), כִּי מִכָּאן הִתְחִיל בְּכִבּוּשׁ שִׁבְעָה עֲמָמִים. אֲבָל עוֹג אָסַף כָּל חֵילוֹ אֶדְרֶעִי, וְהִיא עִיר בִּקְצֵה גְבוּלוֹ, וְהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל יְכוֹלִים לִנְטוֹת מֵעָלָיו כַּאֲשֶׁר נָטוּ מֵעַל עֵשָׂו. וְהַשֵּׁם אָמַר לוֹ: אַל תִּירָא אוֹתוֹ וְלֵךְ אֶצְלוֹ וְהִתְגָּר בּוֹ מִלְחָמָה כִּי בְיָדְךָ נָתַתִּי אוֹתוֹ. וּבְמִדְבַּר סִינַי רַבָּה (במדבר רבה י״ט:ל״ב) רָאִיתִי, לָמָּה נִתְיָרֵא, אָמַר: שֶׁמָּא מָעֲלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמִלְחֶמֶת סִיחוֹן אוֹ נִתְלַכְלְכוּ בַּעֲבֵרָה. וְכֻלָּהּ אַגָּדָה, וְכָךְ הִיא יִרְאַת כָּל הַצַּדִּיקִים, וְכֵן בִּיהוֹשֻׁעַ (ח א):
1FEAR HIM [Og] NOT. “For Moses was afraid [to wage war against Og] in case the merit of Abraham [whom Og had helped] would stand him in stead, for it is said about him, And there came ‘hapalit’ (one that had escaped) and told Abram the Hebrew,310 this being Og who had escaped from the Rephaim whom Amraphel311 and his allies had defeated at Ashteroth-karnaim.”312 This is Rashi’s language, based on the words of our Rabbis.313 25; Bamidbar Rabbah 19:19. Here too314 the Rabbis were induced to make this comment because they knew that Moses our teacher would not have been afraid of an arm of flesh, for with him was the Eternal our G-d,315 and all the nations are as nothing before Him; they are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity.316 [Furthermore], it was he [Moses himself] who admonished Israel: fear not, nor be dismayed on account of them,317 and who criticized them for being afraid of them, as it is said in connection with the [affair of the] spies, Then I said unto you: ‘Dread not, neither be afraid of them. The Eternal your G-d, Who goeth before you, He shall fight for you.’318, 1:29-30. Therefore [we must say] that Moses was afraid [of Og] because he knew of his merit [in having helped Abraham].In accordance with the plain meaning of Scripture, Moses had not intended now to give Israel the land of Sihon and Og as an inheritance, as I have explained.319 But Sihon had gone out against Israel into the wilderness,320, Verse 23. and had fought them against their will [in spite of their desire for peace]. Then G-d informed [Moses], Behold, I have begun to deliver up Sihon and his land before thee; begin to possess his land,321 for here began the conquest of the seven nations [who inhabited the Land of Israel]. But Og [nonetheless] mobilized all his forces at Edrei,322 which was a city at the end of his border, and Israel could have turned away from him just as they had turned away from Esau [i.e., Edom].323 Therefore G-d told Moses, “Fear him not; go to him and contend with him in battle, for I have delivered him into thy hand.” And in Bamidbar Sinai Rabbah I have seen [the following text]324 “Why was Moses afraid [of Og]? He said: Perhaps Israel committed a trespass in the war against Sihon, [by taking of the spoil for themselves], or maybe they have become defiled by sins.” This is a completely homiletic exposition. And indeed all righteous people have this fear [that they might have sinned in error],325 and this [fear] likewise occurred [in the case] of Joshua [about whom it says that G-d told him, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed].326Balak