Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 24:3/רמב"ן על במדבר כ״ד:ג׳
אשְׁתֻם הָעָיִן – לֹא מָצְאוּ מוֹצָא לַמִּלָּה הַזֹּאת מִן הַמִּקְרָא, וְאוּנְקְלוֹס (תרגום אונקלוס על במדבר כ״ד:ג׳) אָמַר "דְּשַׁפִּיר חָזֵי", כְּמוֹ פְּתוּחַ הָעַיִן. לְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים (ע״ז סט): ״כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּשְׁתּוֹם וְיִסְתּוֹם״, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁיִּפְתַּח הַנֶּקֶב. וְאוּלַי הִיא מִלָּה מֻרְכֶּבֶת מִן ״שִׁתִי אוֹתוֹתַי אֵלֶּה״ (שמות י א), שְׁתוּי מַה - הַגֶּבֶר שֶׁיַּשִּׂיג לְכָל מַה שֶׁיָּשִׁית עֵינוֹ:
1SHETHUM HA’AYIN.’ The commentators have not found the root of this word [shethum] anywhere else in Scripture. Onkelos translated it: “who sees well,” as [if to say] “open-eyed,” and in the language of the Sages we find:206 “sufficient time sheyishtom and to close it up” — meaning to say: [enough time to open a hole in the barrel of wine] — and to stop it up again. Perhaps the word [shethum] is a composite one [consisting of the two words shethui mah — “whatever is put” before the eye], from the root ‘shithi’ (My setting) these My signs,207 on the basis of the root shatham found in the Mishnah, Ramban explains it on the basis of Biblical language. [and here it means] that Balaam is a person [of whom one can use the phrase] “whatever is put” [before him] — because he understands everything that he puts his eye upon.