Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Deuteronomy 13:6/ספורנו על דברים י״ג:ו׳
איוּמָת כִּי דִבֶּר סָרָה עַל ה׳. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁדִּבֵּר בְּשֵׁם ה׳ וְלֹא בְּשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וּמִזֶּה הָיָה נִרְאֶה שֶׁלֹּא יִתְחַיֵּב מִיתָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁגָּזְרוּ זְקֵנִים בְּאָמְרָם עַל יִרְמְיָהוּ (ירמיהו כו:טז) ״אֵין לָאִישׁ הַזֶּה מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת כִּי בְשֵׁם ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ דִּבֶּר אֵלֵינוּ״, הִנֵּה זֶה חַיָּב מִיתָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁדִּבֶּר סָרָה בִּשְׁמוֹ.
1'יומת, כי דבר סרה על ה, even though he had claimed to speak in the name of the Lord and not in the name of some other deity, something which had convinced him that his crime was not subject to the death penalty. We encounter such a scenario in Jeremiah 26,16 where the elders of Jerusalem do not want to convict Jeremiah to the death penalty because he had spoken in the name of the Almighty G’d, i.e. had not denied His sovereignty, although he was perceived as a false prophet, no one accepting his predictions of doom and his call to repentance.
בלְהַדִּיחֲךָ מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר לְהַדִּיחֲךָ מֵעַל ה׳, הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּשֵׁם ה׳ שֶׁתַּעַבְדוּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּמִצְוָתוֹ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם בִּקֵּשׁ לְהַדִּיחֲךָ מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ.
2להדיחך מן הדרך, even though he had never asked you to abandon G’d, and had only presented an “updated” version of this same G’d’s commandments. He had, however, asked you to depart from “timeless Torah,” making G’d’s laws something that could be changed from time to time, thus making Moses the father figure of all prophets irrelevant. [my words. Ed.]