Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah
Sforno on Deuteronomy 33:27/ספורנו על דברים ל״ג:כ״ז
אאֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם. אֱלוֹהַּ קַדְמוֹן, וְכָל זוּלָתוֹ מְחֻדָּשׁ מֵאִתּוֹ.
1אלוקי קדם, the true G’d ever since the beginning of all existence. Anything that is of more recent origin has been called into existence by this G’d.
בוּמִתַּחַת זְרֹעוֹת עוֹלָם. וּלְמַטָּה מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם הוּא אֱלֹהֵי זְרוֹעוֹת וּמַנְהִיגֵי הַנִּמְצָאִים הָעוֹלָמִיִּים, וְהֵם הַהֹוִים וְנִפְסָדִים הַנּוֹפְלִים תַּחַת הַזְּמַן, כְּמוֹ אֵיכֻיּוֹת הַיְסוֹדוֹת וְהַטֶּבַע הַזָּן וְהַמְגַדֵּל וְהַמּוֹלִיד וְהַמְצַיֵּר בַּצְּמָחִים וּבַבַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים.
2ומתחת זרועות עולם; beneath the heavens this G’d manifests Himself as the G’d of everlasting arms, (in the sense of extensions of His essence) mortal rulers whose power is of short duration, even the supposed basic elements, as well as what we call nature, the phenomena supplying nourishment for all he mortal forms of life on earth, including the ability to procreate.
גוַיְגָרֶשׁ מִפָּנֶיךָ אוֹיֵב וַיֹּאמֶר הַשְׁמֵד. וְהִנֵּה הוּא גֵּרַשׁ מִפָּנֶיךָ אֶת הָאוֹיֵב שֶׁהָיָה תּוֹשַׁב הָאָרֶץ, וְאָמַר לְךָ ״הַשְׁמֵד!״, כִּי לֹא בְּחַרְבְּךָ יָרַשְׁתָּ אָרֶץ בְּאֹפֶן שֶׁתּוּכַל לַחְשֹׁב שֶׁבְּסוּר כֹּחֲךָ בְּאֹרֶךְ הַזְּמַן אוֹ בְּבֹא חֲלִיפָתוֹ יִגְבְּרוּ הָאוֹיְבִים, כִּי אָמְנָם הוּא הָיָה הַמְגָרְשָׁם, וְאֵיךְ יִכָּנְסוּ נֶגֶד רְצוֹנוֹ.
3ויגרש מפניך אויב, He, this eternal G’d, expelled on your account the inhabitants that inhabited the land promised to your forefathers by Him. He had said to you: השמד!, “destroy!” For you certainly did not conquer this land by force of arms with your sword, so that you would be afraid of losing it after a time, when your strength would ebb, as does the strength of every conquering nation after a while. Seeing that it had not been you who had driven them out, you have no reason to fear a natural erosion of your power to hold on to this land. [Only the One Who has expelled them is in a position to expel you if you give Him reason to do so. Ed.]