Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Exodus 31:17/ספורנו על שמות ל״א:י״ז

אוּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שָׁבַת. בּוֹ הָיְתָה הַמְּלָאכָה שְׁלֵמָה, וּבִשְׁלֵמוּת תִּהְיֶה מְנוּחָה:
1וביום השביעי שבת, seeing that on that day the creative activity of G’d had been completed, completion spells rest,
בוַיִּנָּפַשׁ. וְלָכֵן נַעֲשָׂה הַשְּׁבִיעִי בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ יְתֵרָה, וְהִיא תּוֹסֶפֶת הַכָּנָה לְהַשִּׂיג מַה שֶּׁכִּוֵּן אֵלָיו הָאֵל יִתְבָּרַךְ בִּשְׁלֵמוּת פְּעֻלָּתוֹ בְּאָמְרוֹ "נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ" (בראשית א:כו).
2וינפש, this is why the seventh day is one devoted to the נפש, the spirit, resulting in G’d giving Jews an additional soul for use on that day. This additional soul assists us in concentrating on the spiritual dimension of the day. When man was created, G’d made him in His image, i.e. first and foremost concerned with spiritual concerns. The extra soul granted us on the Sabbath is to help us live up to that vision G’d had of man when He created him. (compare Beytzah 16)