Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Numbers 7:89/ספורנו על במדבר ז׳:פ״ט

אוּבְבֹא מֹשֶׁה אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת הַקּוֹל. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיָה הַדָּבָר מוּעָט מְאֹד בְּעֵרֶךְ אֶל חֲנֻכַּת שְׁלֹמֹה, מִכָּל מָקוֹם בְּבוֹא מֹשֶׁה אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד הָיָה שׁוֹמֵעַ אוֹתוֹ הַקּוֹל שֶׁשָּׁמַע קֹדֶם מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל, וְזֶה לֹא קָרָה בְּבַיִת רִאשׁוֹן, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּבַיִת שֵׁנִי שֶׁלֹּא הָלַךְ אֶל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ נָבִיא לְהִתְנַבֵּא בְּאֹפֶן שֶׁיַּשִּׂיג הַנְּבוּאָה תֵּיכֶף. וְזֶה כִּי הָיְתָה לְרָצוֹן הַחֲנֻכָּה הַזֹּאת וּמַקְרִיבֶיהָ וּמֹשֶׁה שֶׁהָיָה רוֹעֶה.
1ובבא משה אל אהל מועד לדבר אתו וישמע את הקול, even though in physical terms the Tabernacle was insignificant compared to the magnificent structure Solomon had built, in terms of spiritual achievement the Tabernacle far outranked Solomon’s Temple, which in turn outranked the second Temple. During the entire period of the second Temple (420 years) not a single prophet had been able to enter the Temple and there to hear the voice of G’d at any given moment. If at this point Moses was able to do this it proved that G’d had approved the consecration and had drawn near Moses as the shepherd of the Jewish people. In spite of all this spiritual grandeur of the Tabernacle in the desert and the clear manifestation of G’d’s presence over it or in it, even this was a far cry from the presence of G’d in the Israelite camp during the period of the revelation at Mount Sinai, and the 40 days before the sin of the golden calf. Once Moses entered the Tabernacle he was able to hear the voice of G’d, something he had been able to hear all the time before the sin of the golden calf, and without the benefit of the Tabernacle and the hallowed ground it stood on.
במִדַּבֵּר. בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְמוֹ, כִּי ״כָּל פָּעַל ה׳ לְמַעֲנֵהוּ״ (משלי טז:ד), וּבְהַשְׂכִּילוֹ אֶת עַצְמוֹ וּבָזֶה יֵדַע וְיֵיטִיב לְזוּלָתוֹ בִּנְדִיבוּת הַשְׁפָּעָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ כִּלְיוֹת, וְיֵרָאֶה פְעוּלָּה בַּמִּתְפָּעֵל כְּפִי הֲכָנָתוֹ. וּבָזֶה פֵּרַשׁ אֹפֶן כָּל דִּבּוּר הָאָמוּר בַּתּוֹרָה בְּאָמְרוֹ ״וַיְדַבֵּר ה׳״.
2מדבר, read “mi-dabber,” talking to Himself. [According to Moreh Nevuchim 1,68 and in accordance with Aristotele’s concept of G’d, there is no division between subject and predicate in the sphere of understanding something, defining it, actively or passively when we speak of G’d, as is the case when we speak of His creatures. A creature, by definition is subjective vis-à-vis itself, G’d is never subjective, always objective. Having said this you will understand that the translation of G’d “speaking to Himself,” i.e. being both at the receiving end and at the initiating end at the same time is not a contradiction in terms.” Ed.] Proverbs 16,4 כל פעל ה' למענהו, reveals that in the final analysis, all that G’d does has an intelligent purpose known to Him and approved by Him, so much so that the fact that He has seen fit to do it automatically means that it is beneficial for His universe and those in it. We need to keep this in mind whenever we read a line such as וידבר ה'. It is as if the Torah reminded us that the One described as מדבר