Midrash · Halachah
Sifrei Devarim 138/ספרי דברים קל״ח
א(דברים טז יא) וְשָׂמַחְתָּ, נֶאֶמְרָה כָּאן שִׂמְחָה וְנֶאֶמְרָה לְהַלָּן (דברים כז ז) שִׂמְחָה. מָה שִׂמְחָה הָאֲמוּרָה לְהַלָּן – שְׁלָמִים, אַף שִׂמְחָה הָאֲמוּרָה כָּאן – שְׁלָמִים.
1Pisqa’ 1384681. “And you shall rejoice” (Dt. 16:11)—rejoicing is mentioned here,and rejoicing is mentioned elsewhere (Dt. 12:7, 27:7).Just as the rejoicing mentioned elsewhereis [aroused by eating] the Communion-offering,so, too, the rejoicing mentioned hereis [aroused by eating] the Communion-offering.469 64.1.
באַתָּה וּבִנְךָ וּבִתֶּךָ וְעַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתֶךָ וְהַלֵּוִי אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְהַגֵּר, חָבִיב חָבִיב קוֹדֵם.
2”You, your son, your daughter, your slave,your slave-girl, the Levite who is within your gates,and the migrant” (Dt. 16:11)—[in this list of dependants]the most favored take precedence.470 69.1 and 141.1.
גרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: שָׁלֹשׁ מִצְווֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת בָּרֶגֶל, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: חֲגִיגָה, רְאִיָּה, וְשִׂמְחָה.
32. R. Yose the Galilean says:three commandments are mandatedduring a Pilgrimage Festival—And here they are:the Festival-offering (khagigah),471the Appearance-offering (re’iah), 472and rejoicing (simkhah).
דיֵשׁ בָּרְאִיָּה שֶׁאֵין בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן, בַּחֲגִיגָה שֶׁאֵין בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן, בַּשִּׂמְחָה שֶׁאֵין בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן.
4The Appearance-offering has a traitabsent from the other two;the Festival-offering has a traitabsent from the other two;and rejoicing has a traitabsent from the other two.
הרְאִיָּה – כֻּלָּהּ לַגָּבוֹהַּ, שֶׁאֵין בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן.
5The Appearance-offeringbelongs entirely to the Supernal One,a trait absent from the other two[which are eaten by celebrants].
וחֲגִיגָה – נוֹהֶגֶת לִפְנֵי הַדָּבָר וּלְאַחַר הַדָּבָר, שֶׁאֵין בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן.
6The Festival-offering was mandatedboth before the revelation of the Word (e.g., Ex. 5:1-3)and after the Word was revealed at Sinai,a trait absent from the other two[which were not revealed until Sinai].
זשִׂמְחָה – נוֹהֶגֶת בָּאֲנָשִׁים וּבַנָּשִׁים, שֶׁאֵין בִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן.
7Rejoicing is mandatedfor men and women,a trait absent from the other two.473
חהָא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּזוֹ מַה שֶׁאֵין בָּזוֹ, וְיֵשׁ בָּזוֹ מַה שֶׁאֵין בָּזוֹ – צָרַךְ הַכָּתוּב לוֹמַר אֶת כֻּלָּן.
8Now, then—since this one has a trait lacking from that,and that one has a trait lacking from this,Scripture must explain the rules for all of them.474 118.3.