Midrash · Halachah
Sifrei Devarim 147/ספרי דברים קמ״ז
א(דברים יז א) לֹא תִזְבַּח לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: יָכוֹל הַשּׁוֹחֵט חַטָּאת בַּדָּרוֹם יְהֵא עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לֹא תִזְבַּח לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בוֹ מוּם – עַל מוּם עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְאֵין הַשּׁוֹחֵט חַטָּאת בַּדָּרוֹם עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אַף הַשּׁוֹחֵט חַטָּאת בַּדָּרוֹם עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.
1Pisqa’ 147161. “Do not slaughter for HASHEM your God an ox or a sheep” (Dt. 17:1).R. Judah says:Is it possible to say thatone who takes the life ofa Purification-offering in the southern quadrant[of the Courtyard, instead of to the north of the Altar]has transgressed a proscription?The Teaching states:“Do not slaughter . . . an ox or sheep upon which there is a blemish” (Dt. 17:1)—On account of the blemishhe transgresses a proscription.But one who merely slaughtersa Purification-offering in the southern quadrantdoes not transgress a proscription.But sages say:Even one who takes the life ofa Purification-offering in the southern quadranthas transgressed a proscription.
ביָכוֹל הַמַּקְדִּים קָדָשִׁים זֶה לָזֶה, עוֹלָה לְחַטָּאת, פֶּסַח לְתָמִיד, מוּסָפִים לִתְמִידִים – יְהֵא עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (דברים יב יז): ״לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ״; (דברים טז ה) ״לֹא תוּכַל לִזְבֹּחַ אֶת הַפֶּסַח בְּאַחַד שְׁעָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ״; לֹא תִזְבַּח לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בוֹ מוּם – עַל אֵלּוּ עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְאֵין מַקְדִּים קָדָשִׁים זֶה לָזֶה עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.
22. Is it possible to say thatone who slaughters consecrated animals out of sequence—17by presenting a Holocaust-offeringbefore a Purification-offering,or a Paschal lambbefore a Perpetual-offering,18 and tamid on the eve of Passover is defned at M. Pes.5:1.or Supplementary festival-offerings 19before Perpetual-offerings —has transgressed a proscription?The Teaching states:“You may not eat within your gatesthe Tithe of your grain, your must, or your oil, or of theFirstlings of your herds and flocks, or any Vow-offerings you might avow” (Dt. 12:17).[And in another place it states]:“You may not slaughter the Paschal lambin one of your gates that HASHEM your God is giving you” (Dt. 16:5).[And it states here as well]:“Do not slaughter for HASHEM your Godan ox or a sheep upon which there is a blemish” (Dt. 17:1)—on account of these [consecrated offerings] he has transgressed a proscription,but one who slaughters consecrated animals out of sequencehas not transgressed a proscription.
גאֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בּוֹ מוּם, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא שֶׁנּוֹלַד תָּם וְנַעֲשָׂה בַּעַל מוּם, נוֹלַד בַּעַל מוּם מִמְּעֵי אִמּוֹ מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: כֹּל דָּבָר רָע.
33. “Upon which there is a blemish” (Dt. 17:1).I might infer only that[an animal is disqualified as an offering]if it was born unblemished but later suffered a blemish.How do I know to include under the ruleone born blemished from its mother’s womb?20The Teaching states:“Any serious matter”21 (“blemish”), while Sifre reads davar (“matter”). (Dt. 15:21)—[including birth defects].
דמִנַּיִן בַּעַל גָּרָב, בַּעַל יַבֶּלֶת וּבַעַל חֲזָזִית? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: מוּם כֹּל דָּבָר רָע. מִנַּיִן לְזָקֵן וְחוֹלֶה וּמְזֹהָם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה... כֹּל דָּבָר רָע.
4How do I know to include an animalsuffering from scabs, warts, or tumors?The Teaching states:“A blemish, any serious matter” (Dt. 15:21)—[including diseased animals] .How do I know to includeone suffering from old age, sickness, or a foul smell?The Teaching states:“An ox or a sheep” (Dt. 17:1)—[any of these conditions disqualifies oxen or sheep].“Any serious matter” (Dt. 15:21)—[that renders the animal disgusting]. 22 126.1.
המִנַּיִן לַקֳּדָשִׁים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָם חוּץ לִזְמַנָּם וְחוּץ לִמְקוֹמָם, שֶׁעוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: דָּבָר, שֶׁתָּלוּי בְּדָבָר.
54. Regarding consecrated animals that were slaughteredoutside their proper time or place—how do I know that[the slaughterer] transgresses a proscription? 23).”The Teaching states:“Any serious matter” (Dt. 17:1)—[its disqualification] depends upon the matter at hand.
ומִנַּיִן לְרוֹבֵעַ וְנִרְבָּע וּמוּקְצֶה וְנֶעֱבָד? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: תּוֹעֲבַת ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ הוּא. מִנַּיִן לְאֶתְנָן וּמְחִיר וְכִלְאַיִם וּטְרֵפָה וְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: כִּי תוֹעֲבַת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הִיא תּוֹעֵבָה וְאֵין הַוָּלָד תּוֹעֵבָה.
6Regarding an animal mated with a woman or a man,or one set aside for use [in a foreign cult],or [a consecrated animal] that was worked—how do I know that[they are disqualified]?The Teaching states:“It is abominable to HASHEM your God” (Dt. 17:1).24 par. 2:7; SZ, shelakh, 15:3.Regarding an animal given [in payment for sexual services],or [one purchased for] the price of a dog,or [the offspring of] incompatible-species,or a mauled animal [that is sure to die],or one born from its mother’s side—how do I know that[they are disqualified]?25The Teaching states:“For it is abominable” (Dt. 17:1).R. Judah says:the animal is abominable,but its offspring is not abominable.26
זרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לְפִי שֶׁמָּצִינוּ בְּרוֹבֵעַ וְנִרְבָּע שֶׁהֵם פְּסוּלִים בִּבְהֵמָה, יָכוֹל אַף בָּאָדָם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: הוּא; בַּזֶּבַח דִּבַּרְתִּי, וְלֹא דִּבַּרְתִּי בַּזּוֹבֵחַ.
75. R. Shimon says:Since we find that an animalmated with a woman or a manis disqualified [from satisfying one’s sacrificial obligation]—is it possible to say thatthis also applies to the human partner[who may be disqualifiedfrom meeting his or her obligation even with a suitable animal]?The Teaching states:“It is abominable” (Dt. 17:1)—I have spoken about the slaughtered one,but I have not spoken about the slaughterer!