Midrash · Halachah
Sifrei Devarim 98/ספרי דברים צ״ח
א(דברים יד ו) וְכָל בְּהֵמָה מַפְרֶסֶת פַּרְסָה וְשֹׁסַעַת שֶׁסַע שְׁתֵּי פְרָסוֹת וּמַעֲלַת גֵּרָה, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה סִימָנִים הַלָּלוּ אֵינָהּ מֻתֶּרֶת בַּאֲכִילָה.
1Pisqa’ 982161. “And every animal that parts the hoof,which is split into two (shosa`at shes`a) and ruminates its cud” (Dt. 14:6).Unless it possesses all three of these signs,it is not permitted as food.
באַבָּה חָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: הַשְּׁסוּעָה – מִין חַיָּה.
2Abba Hanan, in the name of R. Eliezer, says:[the animal known as] the split one (shasu`ah)is a kind of wild cattle.2. [“Any clean bird you may eat” (Dt. 14:11)].
גאָמַר רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה: כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד יא) ״צִפּוֹר״ – בַּטְּהוֹרָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר.
3Said R. Yoshaiah:Any place [in Scripture] that specifies bird—the verse is identifying a clean one[that may be eaten].
דאָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: עוֹף טָהוֹר נִקְרָא ׳עוֹף׳ וְנִקְרָא ׳צִפּוֹר׳, וְהַטָּמֵא – אֵין נִקְרָא אֶלָּא ׳עוֹף׳ בִּלְבַד.
4Said R. Isaac:clean fowl is called fowl and it is called bird.But an unclean oneis never called anything but fowl. 217 per.5:3.
ה(דברים יד יג) ״וְהָרָאָה״ זוֹ דַּיָּה, וְכֻלָּן מִין דַּיָּה. אִיסִי בֶן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: יֵשׁ לוֹ מֵאָה מִינֵי עוֹפוֹת בַּמִּזְרָח, וְכֻלָּן מִין אַיָּה.
53. [“The buzzard, the falcon, and the kite” (Dt. 14:13)] —the kite (dayah)—it is a falcon (ayah).And, in fact, they are all a kind of kite.Isi b. Judah says:there are 100 types of fowl in the East,and all of them are a kind of falcon.
ואַיָּה, ״דַּיָּה״, ״וְהָרָאָה״, ״וְהַדָּאָה״ – לָמָּה נִשְׁנוּ בְּמִשְׁנֵה תּוֹרָה? בַּבְּהֵמָה מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁסוּעָה, וּבָעוֹף מִפְּנֵי הַדַּיָּה.
6[One verse states]“The buzzard (ra’ah), the falcon (‘ayah), and the kite” (dayah),and any kind of raven (`oreiv)” (Dt. 14:13).[yet another verse states:]“The falcon, the kite (da’ah), the buzzard . . . and any kind of raven” (Lv. 11:14)—why is this [list of unclean animals (Lv. 11:1-47)]restated in the Repetition of the Torah (Dt. 14:3-21)?[Regarding] the cattle, because of the split one (shasu`ah),and [regarding] the fowl—because of the kite,[which is known as dayah (Dt. 14:13) and da’ah (Lv. 11:14)]21898.1-2 appears out of place in relation to the flow of the scriptural text, while 98.3-4 is poorly attested in the textual tradition of Sifre. See Ish-Shalom, ad loc., n. 1, F:159, n.4, and his critical apparatus, ls. 4-11.