Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah

Ibn Ezra on Exodus 7:14/אבן עזרא על שמות ז׳:י״ד

אויאמר. כבד. פועל עבר כמו כי זָקֵן יצחק (ברא' כז א) לו חָפֵץ ד' (שופ' יג) כאשר אָהֵב (ברא' כז ט), והיה קמץ קטן תחת מ"ם מֵאֵן שהוא שרש, שלא ידגש האל"ף ההוא אחריו כמו חרף נפשו (שופ' ה יח):

1AND THE LORD SAID…PHARAOH’S HEART IS STUBBORN. Kaved (is stubborn) is a verb in the perfect.⁶⁴ It is like the word zaken (was old) in when Isaac was old (Gen. 27:1), chafetz (were pleased) in If the Lord were pleased (Jud. 13:23), ahev (he loveth) in such as he loveth (Gen. 27:9).⁶⁵ The mem of me’en (refuseth), which is a root letter,⁶⁶ is mem, alef, nun. is vocalized with a tzere⁶⁷. so that a dagesh is not placed in the alef⁶⁸ cannot take a dagesh. which follows it.⁶⁹ is a pi’el. The middle root letters of words in the pi’el have a dagesh in them, and their first root letter is vocalized with a chirik in the perfect. Compare, dibber, shibber. Cheref (jeoparded) in jeoparded their lives (Jud. 5:18) is similar.⁷⁰. Its chet is vocalized with a tzere in place of a chirik because its middle letter (a resh) cannot take a dagesh.