Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Genesis 43:28/אבן עזרא על בראשית מ״ג:כ״ח
אויקדו. שמו הקדקד בארץ וכבר השתחוו:
1AND THEY BOWED THE HEAD. Va-yikkedu (and they bowed the head) means, and they placed their head to the ground. Thus va-yishtachavu (and made obeisance) means, and they had bowed.18. I.E. interprets va-yishtachavu as a pluperfect, they had bowed, since the bowing obviously preceded the placing of the head on the ground.