Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Genesis 8:13/אבן עזרא על בראשית ח׳:י״ג
אחרבו המים. לכן לא תוכל הרגל לדרוך על הארץ, שהיא רכה, כי פניה חרבו לבדם ואחר כך יבשה הארץ והאומרים על שנת הלבנה נשען בעבור עשרה ימים שהם נוספים בעבור שנת החמה, צריכים להיות שנתם שלימה ועוד מי מלל להם ששנה עמד נח בתיבה רק עמד שנת החמה, ועוד יו"ד ימים:
1THE WATERS WERE DRIED UP FROM OFF THE EARTH. Only the surface of the earth dried; the soil itself was swampy and hence not yet firm enough to walk upon. The earth did not fully dry until later. Those who insist that Noah used a lunar calendar because Scripture tells us that he spent a year and ten days in the ark and the ten days refer to the excess of the solar year over a lunar year are pressing a point.35, Chap. 33:7, and Rashi’s commentary, which states that the flood and its aftermath lasted a solar year. Noah entered the ark on the 17th day of the second month and left it on the 27th day of the second month of the following year. First of all, for this to be so the year had to be “full.”36 (defective year), shanah ki-sidra (regular year), and shenah shelemah (a full year). In the first instance Cheshvan and Kislev have 29 days each; in the second Cheshvan has 29 days and Kislev 30; in the third both Cheshvan and Kislev have 30 days each. To make the lunar year equal the solar year, the lunar year had to be “full” plus 10 days. Furthermore, there is no reason to assume that Noah spent a year in the ark.37 He could equally have been in it for a solar year plus ten days.38