Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Exodus 7:16/אור החיים על שמות ז׳:ט״ז

אוְאָמַרְתָּ אֵלָיו ה׳ וְגוֹ׳ שְׁלָחַנִי וְגוֹ׳. כָּל הַכָּתוּב מְיֻתָּר, וְלֹא הָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר אֶלָּא פָּסוּק שֶׁאַחֲרָיו ״כֹּה אָמַר ה׳״ וְגוֹ׳. וְאִם לוֹמַר כִּי הוּא שְׁלָחוֹ, זֶה אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ כִּי יָדוּעַ הוּא. וְאוּלַי כִּי לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁבָּא אֵלָיו וְהוּא הוֹלֵךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת צְרָכָיו בַּבֹּקֶר הַשְׁכֵּם, וְיֹאמַר פַּרְעֹה שֶׁאֵין זֶה מֵהִלְכוֹת דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לְהַמְתִּין עַד עֵת שֶׁיִּהְיֶה יוֹשֵׁב בְּפָלָטִין שֶׁלּוֹ וְיֹאמַר אֵלָיו הַשְּׁלִיחוּת, לָזֶה צִוָּה ה׳ לָתֵת לוֹ טַעַם בִּתְחִלַּת דְּבָרָיו וְיֹאמַר אֵלָיו ה׳ שְׁלָחַנִי אֵלֶיךָ וּדְבַר מֶלֶךְ עָלַי לָבֹא בְּעֵת זוֹ. גַּם לְצַד שֶׁהוּא אֱלוֹהַּ עֶלְיוֹן צָרִיךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ תֵּכֶף וּמִיָּד.
1 ואמרת אליו ה׳..שלחני אליך, "Say to him: G'd.. has sent me to you, etc." This entire verse appears to be superfluous. Verse 17 would have been quite adequate. Pharaoh did not need to be told that G'd had sent Moses! Perhaps the Torah wanted to tell us that Pharaoh had objected to being met by Moses at a time when he performed his morning ritual. Moses was to explain that he had not intended to invade Pharaoh's privacy but had been commanded by G'd to do so. Moses was to imply that instructions from the Supreme G'd must be carried out immediately.
בעוֹד יִרְצֶה עַל דֶּרֶךְ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שמות רבה ח,א) בְּפָסוּק (יחזקאל כט,ג) ״לִי יְאוֹרִי וַאֲנִי עֲשִׂיתִנִי״, שֶׁהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה עַצְמוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ וְהָיָה מַטְעֶה עַמּוֹ לוֹמַר כִּי הוּא מַכְנִיס וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא, וְהָיָה יוֹצֵא בְּהַשְׁכָּמָה דֶּרֶךְ נִסְתָּר מִכָּל חַי וְהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה צְרָכָיו בַּיְאוֹר. לָזֶה בָּאָה הַשְּׁלִיחוּת מֵה׳ לִמְקוֹם גְּנוּבָתוֹ וּמִסְתּוֹרוֹ מִכָּל חַי, וְאָמַר אֵלָיו תְּחִלַּת דְּבָרָיו: ״ה׳ אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים הוּא שְׁלָחַנִי אֵלֶיךָ״, פֵּרוּשׁ, הוֹדִיעַנִי מָקוֹם אַתָּה בּוֹ, וַהֲרֵי לְךָ אוֹת כִּי ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ יוֹדֵעַ אִם יִסָּתֵר אִישׁ בַּמִּסְתָּרִים. גַּם בָּזֶה נִבְאַשׁ כִּי גִּלָּה ה׳ קְלוֹנוֹ לַעֲבָדָיו כִּי כְּבוֹלְעוֹ כָּךְ פּוֹלְטוֹ וְשֶׁקֶר בִּימִינוֹ וְהִנֵּה הוּא כַּאֲשֶׁר יְבַעֵר הַגָּלָל (מלכים א יד,י). וְאָמְרוֹ וְהִנֵּה לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ עַד כֹּה, פֵּרוּשׁ, מוֹדִיעוֹ כִּי ה׳ יוֹדֵעַ מַחְשָׁבוֹת, וַהֲגַם שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא הֵשִׁיב פַּרְעֹה תְּשׁוּבָה לְמֹשֶׁה עַל הַדָּבָר כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי בְּפָסוּק ״כָּבֵד לֵב פַּרְעֹה״, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן ה׳ יוֹדֵעַ כִּי לֹא שָׁמַע עַד כֹּה.
2G'd may have intended another lesson for Pharaoh, one which is alluded to in Shemot Rabbah 8,1 based on Ezekiel 29,3 where Pharaoh is described as claiming that he had made the river Nile and that he owned it. Since Pharaoh had thus elevated himself to the level of a deity, he had to leave the palace every morning and answer a call of nature where he would not be seen in order that he could maintain the myth of being a god. G'd exploded this myth by sending Moses to him at the time and place Pharaoh had reserved for his very human needs. Moses first told Pharaoh that the G'd of the Hebrews was well aware of his whereabouts and wanted him to know this and embarass him with this knowledge. Pharaoh was now under threat that his myth might be shattered if Moses were to tell his servants of their master's weakness. When G'd added that so far Pharaoh had not listened to him, He wanted Pharaoh to know that though the latter had not specifically refused Moses' latest demand, G'd could read his thoughts.
געוֹד יִרְצֶה, לְצַד שֶׁקָּדְמָה שְׁלִיחוּת מֹשֶׁה וְעָשָׂה אוֹת מַטֶּה שֶׁנֶּהְפַּךְ לְנָחָשׁ, וְלֹא הָיְתָה לוֹ מַכָּה כְּשֶׁלֹּא שָׁמַע עַל יְדֵי שְׁלִיחוּת זוֹ, וּכְשֶׁבָּא לְהַכּוֹת מַכָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל דָּם אָמַר אֵלָיו כִּי כְּבָר אָמַר לוֹ הַשְּׁלִיחוּת עַל מָה הוּא מֵבִיא עָלָיו הָרָעָה, וְזֶה שִׁעוּר הַכָּתוּב ה׳ אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים כְּבָר שְׁלָחַנִי אֵלֶיךָ וְדִבַּרְתִּי לְךָ וְהִנֵּה לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ, אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ וְגוֹ׳, בְּאֹפֶן כִּי אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר לוֹ עוֹד פַּעַם אַחֶרֶת ״כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ שַׁלַּח עַמִּי״ וְגוֹ׳, שֶׁכְּבָר אָמַר לוֹ הַדָּבָר.
3The words "the G'd of the Hebrews has sent me to you," may also be a way of telling Pharaoh that the demand to release the Israelites need not be repeated before Moses would strike the river Nile and turn it into blood. The word כה was quite enough to show us that the plague that follows was the result of the demand to let the Israelites go which Pharaoh had thus far ignored. After all, Moses had previously identified himself and Pharaoh had ignored the demand to dismiss the Israelites. If Pharaoh thought that the fact that he had not yet been smitten for his refusal was a sign that G'd's threats were not to be taken seriously, he would find out immediately how wrong he had been.