Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Genesis 11:32/אור החיים על בראשית י״א:ל״ב

אוַיִּהְיוּ יְמֵי תֶרַח וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר כַּסֵּדֶר הָאָמוּר בְּכָל הַדּוֹרוֹת ״וַיִּהְיוּ כָּל יְמֵי״, יֵשׁ בָּזֶה שְׁתֵּי מַשְׁמָעוּת: אוֹ לוֹמַר שֶׁחָיָה יוֹתֵר מִיָּמָיו הַחֲרוּצִים לוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא הִשְׁלִים שְׁנוֹתָיו. וְכָאן יִסְבּוֹל שְׁתֵּי הַדְּרָכִים, שֶׁחָיָה יוֹתֵר מִשָּׁנִים הַקְּצוּבִים לוֹ בִּשְׂכַר מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה וְטָרַח בִּשְׁבִיל אַבְרָם כָּאָמוּר בְּסָמוּךְ, חָיָה יוֹתֵר. וְהָרְאָיָה כִּי תִמְצָא שֶׁנָּחוֹר אֲבִי תֶרַח הָיוּ שְׁנוֹתָיו קמ״ח, וְיָתֵר עָלָיו תֶּרַח נ״ז שָׁנָה, וְהִנֵּה אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה סה) כְּשֶׁיַּגִּיעַ אָדָם לִשְׁנֵי אֲבוֹתָיו יִדְאַג חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים קוֹדֶם אוֹ חָמֵשׁ אַחֲרֵי כֵן, וְתֶרַח חָיָה שָׁנִים אֲרוּכִים יוֹתֵר מֵאָבִיו. לָזֶה הִסְמִיךְ חַיּוּת תֶּרַח לִיצִיאָתוֹ עִם אַבְרָם, לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ מִי גָּרַם לוֹ אֲרִיכוּת יָמִים הַלָּלוּ – הוּא מִצַּד ״וַיֵּצְאוּ אִתָּם״ וְגוֹ׳. וּלְפִי זֶה אִם הָיָה אוֹמֵר ״כָּל יְמֵי תֶרַח״ הָיָה נִשְׁמָע כִּי הֵם חַיָּיו הַקְּצוּבִים לוֹ מֵעוֹלָם הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְאֵינוֹ כֵן אֶלָּא זָכָה וְהוֹסִיפוּ לוֹ.
1 ויהיו ימי תרח חמש שנים ומאתים שנה. Terach lived to be 205 years. The reason the decription of Terach's age differs from the description of the other people listed in this chapter, i.e. "all the days of so and so were, etc." is twofold. It can either mean that Terach lived longer than the years originally allocated to him, or it can mean that he did not live all the years that had originally been allocated to him. Here the absence of the words "all the days of his life" most likely mean that he lived longer than the years originally allocated to him. He accumulated merit because of his extraordinary concern for the welfare of his son Abraham. One proof may be seen when we compare Terach's lifespan with that of his father Nachor. The latter had only lived for a total of 148 years (11,24-25). Terach lived 57 years longer than his father. Our sages (Bereshit Rabbah 65,12) have said that when a man approaches to within 5 years (either side) of the age at which his parents died he should begin to be concerned about his own death approaching.
בוְדֶרֶךְ שֵׁנִי הוּא, אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיּוֹתֵר שָׁנִים קָצְבוּ לוֹ מִמַּה שֶׁחָיָה אִם הָיָה מַשְׁלִים כַּוָּנָתוֹ לָלֶכֶת אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן, וְטַעַם שֶׁלֹּא חָיָה שָׁנָיו שְׁלֵמִים לְצַד שֶׁיָּצָא עִם אַבְרָם לָלֶכֶת אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן וְלֹא הִשְׁלִים נִדְרוֹ וּבָא עַד חָרָן וַיֵּשֶׁב שָׁם, לָזֶה לֹא הִשְׁלִים שְׁנוֹתָיו. וְלָזֶה הוֹדִיעַ הַכָּתוּב עִנְיָן זֶה שֶׁיָּצְאוּ לָלֶכֶת אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן וּבָאוּ עַד חָרָן וַיֵּשְׁבוּ שָׁם, זוֹ סִבָּה שֶׁהָיוּ יְמֵי תֶרַח חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים וּמָאתַיִם שָׁנָה.
2Inasmuch as Terach lived many years longer than his father, the Torah reports his death in conjunction with his migration to Charan to indicate which merit added the extra years to his life. Had the Torah merely stated the usual "ויהיו כל ימי תרח, all the years of Terach were, etc., we would have assumed that G'd had originally allocated to him a lifespan of 205 years although this would have been quite wrong. There is also support from the text for the view that Terach lived fewer years than had been allocated to him originally. The Torah reports that he set out on his way to Canaan. However, the Torah also reports that he died in Charan which is on the way. Terach had failed to make good on his vow to move to Canaan and settled in Charan. G'd shortened Terach's lifespan because he did not make good on his vow.
גוְרָאִיתִי לִפְקֹחַ עַיִן בִּפְרָט אֶחָד בְּאַבְרָהָם, אֵיךְ עָזַב אֶת אָבִיו אֲשֶׁר יָצָא עִמּוֹ בִּשְׁבִילוֹ וְהָלַךְ לוֹ, כִּי הֲלֹא תִמְצָא כִּי תֶרַח הָיָה בֶּן קמ״ג שָׁנָה בְּהִפָּרֵד אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ מִמֶּנּוּ, כִּי בֶּן ס״ח שָׁנָה הָיָה כְּשֶׁנּוֹלַד אַבְרָהָם, וּבְלֶכֶת אַבְרָהָם אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן הָיָה אַבְרָהָם בֶּן ע״ה שָׁנָה, שֶׁאָז עוֹלִים שְׁנֵי תֶרַח קמ״ג, וְהוּא מֵת בֶּן ר״ה שָׁנָה, וְאֵין רָאוּי לְאַבְרָהָם לְהַנִּיחַ תֶּרַח אָבִיו שֶׁיָּצָא בִּשְׁבִילוֹ וְיֵלֵךְ לוֹ. וַהֲגַם כִּי ה׳ אָמַר אֵלָיו ״לֶךְ לְךָ״, כְּבָר אָמְרוּ שֶׁה׳ אָמַר אֵלָיו ״לֶךְ לְךָ״ כְּדַעְתְּךָ לָלֶכֶת, שֶׁהִסְכִּים עַל יָדוֹ, הָרְאֵתָ כִּי אַבְרָהָם מֵעַצְמוֹ רָצָה לָלֶכֶת.
3I have had an inspiration which enables me to explain why Abraham left his father in Charan though the latter had migrated for his sake all the way from Ur Casdim. When Abraham moved to Canaan Terach was 143 years old. He was 68 years old when Abraham was born and Abraham was 75 when he moved to the land of Canaan. [I presume that verse 26 which describes Terach as 70 years old when his three sons were born must refer to his age when the youngest was born. Ed.] It seems difficult to understand that Abraham abandoned his father for so many (62) years, even though G'd had told him לך לך.
דוְנִרְאֶה כִּי טַעַם אַבְרָהָם הוּא, שֶׁחָשַׁב בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁשָּׁלְמוּ יְמֵי אָבִיו כְּשֶׁהִגִּיעַ לִשְׁנַת קמ״ג, הוֹסִיף עֲלֵיהֶן ה׳ שָׁנִים כְּאָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה שֶׁיִּדְאַג חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים קוֹדֶם זְמַן חַיֵּי אָבִיו, הֲרֵי קמ״ח שֶׁהֵם חַיֵּי נָחוֹר, וּבַזְּמַן הַזֶּה הִנִּיחוֹ וְהָלַךְ לוֹ. וְהִסְכִּים ה׳ עַל יָדוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ לֶךְ לְךָ. וַהֲגַם שֶׁחָיָה יוֹתֵר, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא זָכָה לַשָּׁנִים הַנּוֹתָרִים אֶלָּא בִּזְכוּת אַבְרָהָם, לֹא יִתְחַיֵּב אַבְרָהָם לְהִתְעַכֵּב בִּשְׁבִילָם. וְאוּלַי שֶׁזֶּה רָמַז ה׳ בְּאָמְרוֹ לֶךְ לְךָ, פֵּרוּשׁ: ״לֵךְ״ וְאֵינְךָ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לַשָּׁנִים הַנּוֹתָרִים כִּי ״לְךָ״ הֵם, פֵּרוּשׁ: מִשֶּׁלְּךָ, וּמִדְרָשִׁים הַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ בְּעִנְיָן זֶה, וְהַפְּשָׁט לֹא יֻפְשַׁט.
4I believe the answer is simply that Abraham had good reason to expect that his father would die soon after his departure for Canaan, seeing that he was within 5 years of the age at which his grandfather Nachor had died. G'd may even have given Abraham a subtle hint when He told him לך לך, go on "your acccount." The words "on your account," were to indicate that even if Abraham's father were to live additional years he had only Abraham's merit to thank for those years. Abraham therefore did not have to blame himself for "abandoning" his aged father.
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