Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Genesis 19:1/אור החיים על בראשית י״ט:א׳

אוַיָּבֹאוּ וְגוֹ׳ בָּעֶרֶב. טַעַם הַדָּבָר לִמְצֹא הֲכָנָה לְלוֹט לְהַכְנִיסָם וְלִזְכּוֹת בְּהַצָּלָתוֹ, וַהֲגַם שֶׁאָמְרוּ (בראשית רבה נ:יא) כִּי בִּזְכוּת אַבְרָהָם נִצּוֹל, אֲבָל צָרִיךְ לִמְצֹא לוֹ זְכוּת כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וְאִם הָיוּ בָּאִים בַּיּוֹם אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ מַנִּיחִים אוֹתוֹ בְּנֵי הָעִיר לְהַכְנִיסָם כָּל עִקָּר:
1 ויבאו…בערב. They arrived in the evening. The reason for this whole story of the angels being hosted by Lot was to afford Lot the opportunity to justify his being saved. Although Bereshit Rabbah 50,11 attributes Lot's escape to Abraham's merit, we still need to find some redeeming feature in Lot's conduct to understand the efforts made by G'd to save him. Had the angels arrived at Sodom in daylight Lot would have lacked the moral courage to offer them hospitality even by devious means.
בוַיַּרְא לוֹט (וַיָּרָץ) [וַיָּקָם] וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ: הִכִּיר בָּהֶם כִּי הֵם מֵהַמּוּכָּרִים אֶצְלוֹ לִמְשָׁרְתֵי עֶלְיוֹן בִּהְיוֹתוֹ בִּשְׁכוּנַת אַבְרָהָם, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ וַיַּרְא, וְלָזֶה מָסַר נַפְשׁוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם עִם בְּנֵי הָעִיר (וַיָּרָץ) [וַיָּקָם] לִקְרָאתָם. וְאָמְרוֹ לָהֶם וְרַחֲצוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם כִּי כֵן הָיָה מִנְהַג אַבְרָהָם עִם אוֹרְחָיו וְהָלַךְ לְרַגְלָיו. וְנִכְתַּב בַּתּוֹרָה לְהוֹדִיעֵנוּ הֶפְרֵשׁ שֶׁבֵּין אַבְרָהָם לְלוֹט, כְּאָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה נ:ד) זֶה הִקְדִּים רְחִיצָה וְזֶה הִקְדִּים לִינָה קוֹדֶם רְחִיצָה, כִּי לֹא הָיָה מַקְפִּיד עַל כְּנִיסָתָם בְּבֵיתוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן אַבְרָהָם וְגוֹ׳:
2וירא לוט ויקם לקראתם. Lot saw and rose to meet them. This means that Lot recognised that these people were of the type familiar to him as ministering angels of the Lord when he still travelled with Abraham. Because Lot realised this he was prepared to take risks for their sake against the inhabitants of his town. He told them to wash their feet, a custom he had learned from the way Abraham conducted himself with his guests. The Torah reports the details to show the difference between Abraham and Lot. Abraham commenced with his guests washing their feet, Lot suggested they sleep first. Lot did not mind if people who were idolators entered his home without first removing the traces of idolatry, something that Abraham was very particular about.