Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Genesis 43:3/אור החיים על בראשית מ״ג:ג׳
אוַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה לֵאמֹר. אָמְרוֹ תֵּיבַת לֵאמֹר, פֵּרוּשׁ, שֶׁאָמַר אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה הַצָּעַת דְּבָרִים לֵאמֹר אֵלָיו הַתְּשׁוּבָה, וְהַהַצָּעָה הִיא ״הָעֵד הֵעִיד״ וְגוֹ׳, וְהָאֲמִירָה הִיא ״אִם יֶשְׁךָ״ וְגוֹ׳. וְנִתְכַּוֵּן הַכָּתוּב בָּזֶה לִשְׁלוֹל תְּשׁוּבָה מֵאוֹפֶן אַחֵר הַנִּשְׁמַעַת מֵהַהַצָּעָה הַנִּזְכָּר, וְהוּא כִּי לְצַד שֶׁהֵעִיד וְגוֹ׳ בְּהֶכְרֵחַ שֶׁיִּקְחוּ בִּנְיָמִין וְיֵלְכוּ בֵּין לְרָצוֹן בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן, לָזֶה אָמַר ״לֵאמֹר״ פֵּירוּשׁ הוֹדָעָה זוֹ גְּזֵרָתָהּ הִיא מַה שֶׁיֹּאמַר אַחַר כָּךְ.
1 ויאמר אליו יהודה לאמור, Yehudah said to him, saying, etc. The word לאמור here seems to mean that Yehudah made a variety of suggestions to Jacob all of which were in the nature of a reply to Jacob's arguments against sending Benjamin to Egypt. The most important of these was the reference to the Egyptian ruler's warning that the brothers would not be able to see him (and buy grain) unless they had their younger brother with them. The Torah implies that the brothers did not resort to another reply, namely that they would take Benjamin with them regardless of whether Jacob approved or not. The word לאמור then means they waited for Jacob's word, i.e. permission.
באוֹ יִרְצֶה עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ: לֵאמֹר הָעֵד וְגוֹ׳, פֵּרוּשׁ אָמַר לָנוּ זֶה וְהֵעִיד עָלֵינוּ עֵדִים בְּהַתְרָאָתוֹ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה לוֹמַר: הֲשִׁיבֵנִי עַל טַעֲנָה זוֹ אִם יֵשׁ לְךָ תְּשׁוּבָה לְהָשִׁיב לַאֲדוֹנֵי הָאָרֶץ. עוֹד יִרְצֶה שֶׁיֵּשׁ עוֹד לוֹמַר טַעַם אַחֵר מִלְּבַד זֶה, וְהוּא סַכָּנַת שִׁמְעוֹן הַנָּתוּן בְּבֵית כֶּלֶא לְעָרֵב הוֹכָחַת דָּבָר כִּי לֹא מְרַגְּלִים.
2Alternatively, one could read the words העד…לאמור together. It would mean that Joseph had not only warned them but had done so in the presence of witnesses in order to make his threat more potent. Yehudah may also have challenged Jacob to give him another answer if he had one. After all they also had to consider the very real danger to Shimon who was being held as a hostage in a spy case. How did Jacob suggest that the brothers clear themselves of the suspicion of being spies?
גלֹא תִרְאוּ פָנַי וְגוֹ׳. נִתְכַּוֵּן בָּזֶה לִשְׁלוֹל טַעֲנָה כִּי יֹאמַר יַעֲקֹב שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה הוֹכָחוֹת וּרְאָיוֹת הַמַּסְפִּיקִים לִפְנֵי מְלָכִים וְיוֹעֲצֵי אֶרֶץ לְהַכִּיר כִּי אֵינָם בְּגֶדֶר סָפֵק מְרַגְּלִים, וּבָזֶה תַּמָּה טַעֲנַת הָאִישׁ הַחוֹשֵׁד בָּהֶם. לָזֶה אָמַר הֵעִד בָּנוּ לֵאמֹר לֹא תִרְאוּ, פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְרַצֶּה לִרְאוֹת פָּנֵינוּ זוּלַת בְּבִיאַת בִּנְיָמִין, וּמֵעַתָּה אֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לַעֲמוֹד לְפָנָיו בְּשׁוּם אוֹפֶן, וְאֵיךְ יֵלְכוּ לִקְנוֹת הַתְּבוּאָה מִמֶּנּוּ. וְאוּלַי כִּי לָזֶה כָּפַל יְהוּדָה דָּבָר זֶה שְׁתֵּי פְּעָמִים, כִּי תְּנַאי זֶה שֶׁל בִּנְיָמִין מְעַכֵּב הֲגַם שֶׁיּוּסַר חֲשַׁד הַמְרַגְּלוּת.
3לא תראו פני "you will not see me." Yehudah thereby denied Jacob's claims that he had adequate proofs to convince any king or royal adviser that the brothers could not be considered spies, and that this would suffice to neutralise Joseph's accusation against them. Yehudah told his father that Joseph had made it plain that the brothers would not even be able to present their case unless Benjamin appeared at their side. How then could they buy grain if they could not even secure an audience with the ruler who was in charge of the grain sales? Yehudah repeated the words העד העיד to convince his father that Benjamin's presence in Egypt was the key to any success of their trip.