Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Exodus 29:36/רמב"ן על שמות כ״ט:ל״ו

אתַּעֲשֶׂה לַיּוֹם עַל הַכִּפֻּרִים בִּשְׁבִיל הַכִּפּוּרִים, לְכַפֵּר עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִכָּל זָרוּת וְתִעוּב. וּבְמִדְרָשׁ תּוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים (צו א טו) אוֹמֵר כַּפָּרַת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הֻצְרְכָה שֶׁמָּא הִתְנַדֵּב אָדָם דְּבַר גֶּזֶל בִּמְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהַמִּזְבֵּחַ. לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על שמות כ"ט:ל"ו). וְהַנָּכוֹן כִּי עַל הַכִּפּוּרִים עַל שְׁנֵי הָאֵילִים שֶׁהֵם כִּפּוּרִים לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר כָּאן (שמות כ"ט:ל"ג) "וְאָכְלוּ אֹתָם אֲשֶׁר כֻּפַּר בָּהֶם", וְאַף כִּי הַחַטָּאת כַּפָּרָה, וּכְתִיב "כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה צִוָּה ה' לַעֲשֹׂת לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם" (ויקרא ח לד), כְּדִבְרֵי ר"א (אבן עזרא על שמות כ"ט:ל"ו):

1AND EVERY DAY SHALT THOU OFFER THE BULLOCK OF SIN-OFFERING ‘AL HAKIPURIM’ — “for atonement, to atone for the altar for anything strange [i.e., unholy] and abominable [that may happen to be brought upon it]. And in the Midrash of Torath Kohanim²¹⁸, Milu’im 1:15. it says: ‘atonement for the altar was necessary in case a person had donated for work in connection with the construction of the Tabernacle and [the sacrifices brought upon] the altar something he had acquired by robbery’” [or other unlawful means]. This is the language of Rashi. The correct interpretation of al hakipurim is, however, [that he is to bring the bullock of sin-offering] in addition to the two rams²¹⁹ which were an atonement for Aaron and his sons, as He said here, And they shall eat those things wherewith atonement was made,²²⁰ and surely the [bullock] sin-offering was for the purpose of atonement. And it is further written, As hath been done this day, so the Eternal hath commanded to do, to make atonement for you.²²¹ Such are the words of Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra.