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Ramban on Exodus 8:16/רמב"ן על שמות ח׳:ט״ז

אוְאָמַר בְּמִקְצָת הַמַּכּוֹת הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר הִנֵּה יֹצֵא הַמַּיְמָה, וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ הַפְּשָׁט הָיָה בְּעֵת צֵאת הַמְּלָכִים בַּבֹּקֶר לְהִשְׁתַּעְשֵׁעַ עַל הַמַּיִם, וְצִוָּה הקב"ה לְמֹשֶׁה שֶׁיֵּלֵךְ שָׁם, וְהַטַּעַם, כִּי בַּדָּם בַּעֲבוּר הֱיוֹתָהּ הַמַּכָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה רָצָה שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂנָּה לְעֵינָיו וּבְלִי יִרְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ. וְזֶה טַעַם "וְנִצַּבְתָּ לִקְרָאתוֹ" (שמות ז':ט"ו), "וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה" (שמות ח':ט"ז), שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ בְּיָד רָמָה. וְכֵן בְּמַכַּת הֶעָרֹב נֶאֱמַר "הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה הִנֵּה יוֹצֵא הַמָּיְמָה". וּבַבָּרָד (שמות ט':י"ג) "הַשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּב לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה", וְהוּא גַּם כֵּן בְּצֵאתוֹ הַמַּיְמָה, כִּי הֶעָרֹב וְהַבָּרָד אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶן הַמִּיתָה וְהָעֹנֶשׁ לִבְנֵי אָדָם רָצָה הקב"ה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לְעֵינֵי כָּל הָעָם, כִּי בְּצֵאת הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמַּיְמָה יֵלְכוּ מַרְבִּית הָעָם אַחֲרָיו, וְהִנֵּה יַתְרֶה אוֹתוֹ לְעֵינֵיהֶם אוּלַי יִצְעֲקוּ אֶל אֲדוֹנֵיהֶם לָשׁוּב מִדַּרְכּוֹ הָרָעָה, וְאִם לֹא יַעֲשׂוּ כֵן יִהְיוּ חַיָּבִין לְהֵעָנֵשׁ. אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר הַמַּכּוֹת דַּי בְּהַתְרָאַת הַמֶּלֶךְ, וְעַל כֵּן נֶאֱמַר בָּהֶן "בֹּא אֶל פַּרְעֹה" (לעיל ז כו, להלן ט א, י א), שֶׁיָּבֹא אֶל הֵיכָלוֹ, וְלֹא הִזְכִּיר בַּכִּנִּים וּבַשְּׁחִין כֵּן, בַּעֲבוּר שֶׁהֻצְרַךְ אַהֲרֹן לְהַכּוֹת בֶּעָפָר, וְהֵיכַל הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵין שָׁם עָפָר כִּי הִיא רִצְפַת בַּהַט וָשֵׁשׁ, וְכֵן הֻצְרַךְ מֹשֶׁה לִזְרֹק הַפִּיחַ הַשָּׁמַיְמָה. וְהִנֵּה עָשׂוּ אֵלּוּ הַשְׁתַּיִם בִּפְנֵי פַּרְעֹה בִּהְיוֹתוֹ בַּחֲצַר גִּנַּת בִּיתַן הַמֶּלֶךְ אוֹ כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ:

1In the case of certain plagues, [i.e., blood, swarms, and hail], G-d said to Moses, Rise up early in the morning … lo he cometh forth to the water.¹⁷⁵ In line with the plain meaning of Scripture,¹⁷⁶ to ease himself. Pharaoh claimed to be a god and asserted that [because of his divine powers], he did not need to ease himself. Therefore he would rise early and go forth to the Nile to ease himself in secret.” This interpretation of Rashi which is based upon a Midrash (Tanchuma Va’eira, 14) is alluded to by Ramban’s words that his own explanation is “in line with the plain meaning of Scripture,” thus implying that there is a Midrashic or homiletic interpretation of the verse, namely, that of Rashi mentioned above. this was the time when the kings were wont to go forth in the morning to enjoy themselves in the waters, and the Holy One, blessed be He, commanded Moses to go there. The reason for it is that since the plague of blood was the first one [of the plagues], He wanted Moses to do it in the sight of the king and without fear of him. This is the sense of the expression, and thou shalt place thyself towards him.¹⁷⁷ Similarly, in the plague of swarms it is said, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water,¹⁷⁸ and also in the case of hail it is said, Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh,¹⁷⁹ which likewise took place when the king went forth to the water. He wanted these two plagues to be wrought [at that particular time] because since swarms and hail brought death and punishment upon the people, the Holy One, blessed be He, wanted the warning to be given in the sight of all people. When the king went forth to the water, a multitude of people followed him, and when Moses will then forewarn him in their sight, perhaps they might plead with their master to return from his evil way. In case they do not do so, they will deserve punishment. But in the case of the other plagues, the warning given to the king alone was sufficient, and therefore in connection with them it is said, Go in unto Pharaoh,¹⁸⁰ meaning that Moses was to go into the palace. In the case of gnats and boils, it does not say [that Moses was to go into the palace] because Aaron had to strike the dust of the earth [to bring on the plague of the gnats], and in the king’s palace there is no dust, as it has a pavement of green and white marble.¹⁸¹ In the case of boils, Moses had to throw the soot of the furnace heavenward.¹⁸² Thus [we must say that] these two plagues, [i.e., gnats and boils], were done in the sight of Pharaoh when he was in the court of the garden of the king’s palace,¹⁸³ or some similar place.