Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah

Ramban on Genesis 18:2/רמב"ן על בראשית י״ח:ב׳

אוְטַעַם נִצָּבִים עָלָיו שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹמְדִים לְנֶגְדּוֹ מִסְתַּכְּלִים, כִּלְשׁוֹן "הַנִּצָּב עַל הַקּוֹצְרִים" (רות ב ה), "מִשָּׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים" (מלכים א ה ל), וּלְפִי שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב וְהֵם הָיוּ עוֹמְדִים וְרוֹאִים בּוֹ אָמַר "עָלָיו", וְזֶה טַעַם "וַיַּרְא וַיָּרָץ לִקְרָאתָם", כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר רָאָה אוֹתָם עוֹמְדִים נֶגְדּוֹ וְלֹא הָיוּ הוֹלְכִים לְדַרְכָּם, רָץ לִקְרָאתָם לַהֲבִיאָם אֶל בֵּיתוֹ. וְטַעַם "מִפֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל", לְהַגִּיד שֶׁהָיָה עֲדַיִן יוֹשֵׁב שָׁם אַחֲרֵי הִסְתַּלֵּק מִמֶּנּוּ מַרְאֶה הַשְּׁכִינָה. וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁיִּהְיֶה "עָלָיו" עַל הָאֹהֶל, שֶׁהָיוּ קְרוֹבִים אֵלָיו מִן הַצַּד הָאַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא כְּנֶגֶד הַפֶּתַח, וְהָיוּ שָׁם נִצָּבִים וְלֹא הָיוּ מִתְקָרְבִין אֶל אַבְרָהָם, כְּטַעַם "חוֹנִים עַל הַיָּם" (שמות יד ט):

1STOOD OVER HIM. The purport thereof is that they were standing opposite Abraham and looking at him, the expression being similar to: that stood over the reapers;⁶⁹ the chief officers that stood over the work.⁷⁰ And due to the fact that he [Abraham] was sitting and they were standing and looking at him, the verse says, “over him.” This is also the meaning of the expression, And he saw, and ran to meet them, for as he saw them standing opposite him and not continuing their journey, he ran to meet them in order to bring them to his house.The sense of the expression, From the tent door, is that Abraham was still sitting there after the vision of the Shechinah had departed from him.It is possible that the expression “over him” refers to the tent, i.e., that they were near it on the side which was not opposite the door, and there they stood and did not approach Abraham, just as in the verse, encamping ‘al’ (on) the sea.⁷¹ means “standing alongside him.”