Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 2:1/רמב"ן על בראשית ב׳:א׳
אוְכָל צְבָאָם צְבָא הָאָרֶץ הֵם הַנִּזְכָּרִים חַיָּה וְרֶמֶשׂ וְדָגִים וְכָל הַצּוֹמֵחַ גַּם הָאָדָם, וּצְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם שְׁנֵי הַמְּאוֹרוֹת וְהַכּוֹכָבִים הַנִּזְכָּרִים, כְּעִנְיָן "וּפֶן תִּשָּׂא עֵינֶיךָ הַשָּׁמַיְמָה וְרָאִיתָ אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְאֶת הַיָּרֵחַ וְאֶת הַכּוֹכָבִים כֹּל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם" (דברים ד יט). גַּם יִכְלֹל הַשְּׂכָלִים הַנִּבְדָּלִים, כְּעִנְיָן "רָאִיתִי אֶת ה' יֹשֵׁב עַל כִּסְאוֹ וְכָל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם עֹמֵד עָלָיו" וְגוֹ' (מלכים א כב יט), וְכֵן "יִפְקֹד ה' עַל צְבָא הַמָּרוֹם בַּמָּרוֹם" (ישעיהו כד כא). וְהִנֵּה בְּכָאן רֶמֶז עַל יְצִירַת הַמַּלְאָכִים בְּמַעֲשֵׂה בְּרֵאשִׁית. וְכֵן נַפְשׁוֹת הָאָדָם צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם הֵנָּה:
1AND ALL THE HOST OF THEM. “The host of the earth” are those which have been mentioned: beasts, creeping things, fish, and all growing things, and also man. “The host of the heavens” are the two luminaries and the stars, mentioned above, just as it is written: And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun and the moon and the stars, even all the host of heaven.236 It also includes the Separate Intelligences,237 just as it is written: I saw the Eternal sitting on His throne, and all the host of heaven standing by Him;238 also, The Eternal will punish the host of the high heaven on high.239 It is here [in the expression, all the host of them], that He has hinted at the formation of the angels in the work of creation. Similarly, the souls of men are included in the host of heaven.240