Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 3:13/רמב"ן על בראשית ג׳:י״ג
אוְטַעַם מַה זֹּאת עָשִׂית לַעֲבֹר עַל מִצְוָתִי, כִּי הָאִשָּׁה בִּכְלַל אַזְהָרַת אָדָם כִּי הָיְתָה עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמָיו בָּעֵת הַהִיא, וְכֵן הִיא בִּכְלַל הָעֹנֶשׁ שֶׁלּוֹ. וְלֹא אָמַר בָּאִשָּׁה "וַתֹּאכְלִי מִן הָעֵץ" כִּי הִיא נֶעֶנְשָׁה עַל אֲכִילָתָהּ וְעַל עֲצָתָהּ כַּאֲשֶׁר נֶעֱנַשׁ הַנָּחָשׁ, וְעַל כֵּן אָמְרָה "הַנָּחָשׁ הִשִּׁיאַנִי וָאֹכֵל", כִּי הָעֹנֶשׁ הַגָּדוֹל עַל הָאֲכִילָה. וְהִנֵּה מִכָּאן נוּכַל לִלְמֹד עֹנֶשׁ לְמַחֲטִיאֵי אָדָם בְּדָבָר כַּאֲשֶׁר לִמְּדוּנוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (פסחים כב ע"ז ו) בְּפָסוּק "וְלִפְנֵי עִוֵּר לֹא תִתֵּן מִכְשֹׁל" (ויקרא יט יד):
1WHAT IS THIS THOU HAST DONE to transgress My commandment? For the woman was included in the admonition given to Adam since at that time she was yet bone of his bones, and similarly she was included in his punishment. The reason why G-d did not say to the woman, “and thou hast eaten of the tree,” is that she was punished for both her eating and her advice, just as the serpent was punished for the advice. This is why she said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat,392 as the punishment for the beguiling was greater than that for the eating. [Hence as soon as she mentioned that the serpent beguiled her, G-d meted out his punishment immediately, as is stated in the following two verses.] Thus we may derive from here the principle of punishment for those that cause people to sin in any matter, just as our Rabbis have derived it from the verse, Thou shalt not put a stumbling-block before the blind.393