Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 3:16/רמב"ן על בראשית ג׳:ט״ז
אוְאֶל אִישֵׁךְ תְּשׁוּקָתֵךְ לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן אֵין לָךְ מֵצַח לְתָבְעוֹ בַּפֶּה, אֶלָּא הוּא יִמְשָׁל בָּךְ, הַכֹּל מִמֶּנּוּ וְלֹא מִמֵּךְ, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ג':ט"ז). וְאֵינֶנּוּ נָכוֹן, כִּי זֶה שֶׁבַח בָּאִשָּׁה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (עירובין ק) וְזוֹ מִדָּה יָפָה בַּנָּשִׁים. וְרַבִּי אַבְרָהָם אָמַר (אבן עזרא על בראשית ג':ט"ז) "וְאֶל אִישֵׁךְ תְּשׁוּקָתֵךְ" מִשְׁמַעְתֵּךְ, וְהַטַּעַם שֶׁתִּשָּׁמְעִי אֶל כָּל אֲשֶׁר יְצַוֶּה עָלַיִךְ, כִּי אַתְּ בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת חֶפְצוֹ. וְלֹא מָצָאתִי לְשׁוֹן תְּשׁוּקָה רַק בְּחֵשֶׁק וְתַאֲוָה. וְהַנָּכוֹן בְּעֵינַי שֶׁהֶעֱנִישׁ אוֹתָהּ שֶׁתִּהְיֶה נִכְסֶפֶת מְאֹד אֶל בַּעְלָהּ, וְלֹא תָּחוּשׁ לְצַעַר הַהֵרָיוֹן וְהַלֵּדָה, וְהוּא יַחֲזִיק בָּהּ כְּשִׁפְחָה, וְאֵין הַמִּנְהָג לִהְיוֹת הָעֶבֶד מִשְׁתּוֹקֵק לִקְנוֹת אָדוֹן לְעַצְמוֹ, אֲבָל יִבְרַח מִמֶּנּוּ בִּרְצוֹנוֹ. וְהִנֵּה זוֹ מִדָּה כְּנֶגֶד מִדָּה, כִּי הִיא נָתְנָה גַּם לְאִישָׁהּ וַיֹּאכַל בְּמִצְוָתָהּ, וְעָנְשָׁהּ שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶה הִיא מְצַוָּה עָלָיו עוֹד, וְהוּא יְצַוֶּה עָלֶיהָ כָּל רְצוֹנוֹ:
1‘T’SHUKATHECH’ (AND THY DESIRE) SHALL BE TO THY HUSBAND, meaning for cohabitation. Yet you will not have the boldness to demand it by word, rather he shall rule over thee. It will all be from him and not from you. Thus are the words of Rashi. But this is not correct, for modesty is praiseworthy in a woman, just as the Rabbis have said:396 “This is a good quality in women.”Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra said: “And thy desire shall be to thy husband, meaning your obedience.” This means you will obey whatever he commands you for you are under his authority to do his desire. However, I have found the expression t’shukah used only in connection with desire and lust.The correct interpretation appears to me to be that He punished her that her desire for her husband be exceedingly great and that she should not be deterred by the pain of pregnancy and birth or that he keeps her as a maid-servant. Now it is not customary for a servant to desire to acquire a master over himself, rather his desire is to flee from him. Thus her punishment is measure for measure; she gave [the fruit of the tree of knowledge] also to her husband and he ate at her command, and He punished her that she should no longer command him, but instead he should command her entirely at his will.