Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 4:7/רמב"ן על בראשית ד׳:ז׳
אהֲלֹא אִם תֵּיטִיב שְׂאֵת עַל דַּעַת הַמְּפָרְשִׁים (אונקלוס רש"י ורד"ק) שְׂאֵת עֲוֹנְךָ. וְעַל דַּעַת רַבִּי אַבְרָהָם (אבן עזרא על בראשית ד':ז') שְׂאֵת פָּנֶיךָ כְּנֶגֶד "לָמָּה נָפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ", כִּי הַמִּתְבַּיֵּשׁ כּוֹבֵשׁ פָּנִים לְמַטָּה, וְכֵן "וְאוֹר פָּנַי לֹא יַפִּילוּן" (איוב כט כד), וְהַמְּכַבְּדוֹ כְּאִלּוּ נוֹשֵׂא פָּנָיו לְמַעְלָה, וְזֶה טַעַם "אוּלַי יִשָּׂא פָנָי" (בראשית ל"ב:כ"א), "לֹא תִשָּׂא פְנֵי דָל" (ויקרא יט טו). וְעַל דַּעְתִּי אִם תֵּיטִיב יִהְיֶה לְךָ יֶתֶר שְׂאֵת עַל אָחִיךָ כִּי אַתָּה הַבְּכוֹר, וְזֶה טַעַם "לָמָּה חָרָה לָךְ", כִּי בְּבָשְׁתּוֹ מֵאָחִיו נָפְלוּ פָנָיו, וּבְקִנְאָתוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ הֲרָגוֹ. וְהִנֵּה אָמַר לוֹ לָמָּה חָרָה לָךְ עַל אָחִיךָ וְלָמָּה נָפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ מִמֶּנּוּ, הֲלֹא אִם תֵּיטִיב יִהְיֶה לְךָ יֶתֶר שְׂאֵת עַל אָחִיךָ, וְאִם לֹא תֵיטִיב לֹא עִמּוֹ בִּלְבַד תְּבוֹאֲךָ רָעָה כִּי לְפֶתַח בֵּיתְךָ חַטָּאתְךָ רוֹבֵץ לְהַכְשִׁילְךָ בְּכָל דְּרָכֶיךָ:
1IS IT NOT THUS, IF THOU MENDEST ‘SE’EITH’. In the opinion of the commentators,425 this means there is a “lifting” or forgiveness of your sin. And in the opinion of Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra it means a “lifting” of your face in contrast to [the question G-d asked of Cain]: Why is thy face fallen?426 For he who is ashamed presses his face downward. Similarly, it is said, And the light of my countenance they cast not down,427 whereas one who honors him is as if he raises his face upward. This is the sense of the verses: Perhaps he will lift my face;428 Do not lift the face of the poor.429In my opinion the verse means: “If you will mend your ways you will have your rightful superiority in se’eith (dignity) over your brother since you are the firstborn.” And this is the meaning of [G-d’s question to him]: Why art thou wroth?426 For by virtue of his feeling ashamed before his brother, his face fell, and because of his jealousy of him he killed him, and now the Eternal told him: Why art thou wroth regarding your brother, and why is thy face fallen on account of him? Is it not thus! If thou mendest, you will have superiority in dignity over your brother, and if thou dost not mend, evil will come upon you not only because of him [your brother], for at the door of your house your sin lurks causing you to stumble in all your endeavors.
בוְאֵלֶיךָ תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ שֶׁהוּא יִשְׁתּוֹקֵק לִהְיוֹת דָּבֵק בָּךְ כָּל הַיָּמִים, אֲבָל אַתָּה תִּמְשֹׁל בּוֹ אִם תַּחְפֹּץ, כִּי תֵּיטִיב דְּרָכֶיךָ וּתְסִירֶנּוּ מֵעָלֶיךָ. הוֹרָהוּ עַל הַתְּשׁוּבָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה בְּיָדוֹ לָשׁוּב בְּכָל עֵת שֶׁיִּרְצֶה וְיִסְלַח לוֹ:
2AND UNTO THEE IS ITS LONGING, for your sin longs to cleave to you at all times. Nevertheless thou mayest rule over it if you so desire, for you may mend your ways and remove it from upon you. Thus He taught him [Cain] concerning repentance, that it lies within his power to return anytime he desires and He will forgive him.