Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 7:1/רמב"ן על בראשית ז׳:א׳
אוַיֹּאמֶר ה' לְנֹחַ הוֹדִיעוֹ הַשֵּׁם כִּי בְּמִדַּת רַחֲמִים יְמַלֵּט אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בֵּיתוֹ וִיחַיֶּה מֵהֶם זֶרַע לְדוֹרוֹת, וְזֶה טַעַם "לְחַיּוֹת זֶרַע עַל פְּנֵי כָל הָאָרֶץ" (בראשית ז':ג'), כִּי מִתְּחִלָּה אָמַר "לְהַחֲיוֹת אִתָּךְ" (בראשית ו':י"ט), וְרָמַז לוֹ עַתָּה בְּמִדַּת רַחֲמִים עַל הַקָּרְבָּן לְהוֹדִיעַ אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁעֶה אֶל קָרְבָּנוֹ, וּבִזְכוּת קָרְבָּנוֹ יְקַיֵּם הָעוֹלָם וְלֹא יִכָּרֵת עוֹד מִפְּנֵי מֵי הַמַּבּוּל. וְעַל כֵּן מַזְכִּיר בּוֹ הַשֵּׁם הַמְיֻחָד, כִּי בְּכָל עִנְיַן הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת לֹא יַזְכִּיר "אֱלֹהִים" כַּאֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר (ויקרא א ט) בְּהַגִּיעִי לְשָׁם בְּעֶזְרַת הַשֵּׁם:
1AND THE ETERNAL SAID TO NOAH. G-d informed Noah that with the attribute of mercy [as indicated by the use of the Tetragrammaton, “the Eternal,”] He will save him and his family and that He will give life to their seed for all generations. This is the meaning of the phrase, to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth.71 At first He said, to keep them alive with thee;72 but now with the attribute of mercy He hinted to him concerning the sacrifice to inform him that he will have regard for his offering and that by the merit of his offering, the world will exist, never again to be cut off by the waters of the flood.73 This is why the Tetragrammaton is mentioned here for in all matters concerning the sacrifices, Scripture does not mention Elokim (G-d), as I will elucidate when I reach there74 with the help of G-d.
בבֹּא אַתָּה וְכָל בֵּיתְךָ אֶל הַתֵּבָה עָשָׂה נֹחַ אֶת הַתֵּבָה יָמִים רַבִּים קֹדֶם הַמַּבּוּל, וְכַאֲשֶׁר קָרַב עֵת הַמַּבּוּל בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ חָזַר וְצִוָּהוּ שֶׁיָּבֹא הוּא וְכָל בֵּיתוֹ בַּתֵּבָה, הוּא שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה (בראשית ו':י"ח) "אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ וְאִשְׁתְּךָ וּנְשֵׁי בָנֶיךָ", וְהוֹדִיעוֹ כִּי בִּזְכוּתוֹ לְבַדּוֹ יִנָּצְלוּ, שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר "אֶתְכֶם רָאִיתִי צַדִּיקִים לְפָנַי". וְצִוָּה שֶׁיִּקַּח הוּא וְיָבִיא מִן הַבְּהֵמָה הַטְּהוֹרָה וּמִן הָעוֹף הַטָּהוֹר שִׁבְעָה שִׁבְעָה, וְהוֹדִיעוֹ יוֹם הַמַּבּוּל שֶׁבּוֹ יָבֹא אֶל הַתֵּבָה, וְכֵן עָשָׂה, שֶׁבְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם זֶה בָּא נֹחַ (בראשית ז':י"ג). וְזֶהוּ טַעַם "מִפְּנֵי מֵי הַמַּבּוּל" (בראשית ז':ז'). וְרַשִׁ"י כָּתַב (רש"י על בראשית ז':ז') אַף נֹחַ מִקְּטַנֵּי אֲמָנָה הָיָה, וְלֹא נִכְנַס לַתֵּבָה עַד שֶׁדְּחָפוּהוּ הַמַּיִם. וּלְשׁוֹן בְּרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ל"ב:ו'), מְחֻסַּר אֱמוּנָה הָיָה, אִלּוּלֵי שֶׁהִגִּיעוּ מַיִם עַד קַרְסֻלָּיו לֹא הָיָה נִכְנָס לַתֵּבָה. אִם כֵּן יֹאמַר שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנַס שָׁם עַד שֶׁגָּבְרוּ הַמַּיִם וְכִסּוּ פְּנֵי כָּל הָאָרֶץ וְרָאָה כִּי יִטְבַּע:
2COME THOU AND ALL THY HOUSE INTO THE ARK. Noah constructed the ark many days before the flood, and when the time of the flood arrived on the tenth day of the second month, He again commanded him that he and all his household come into the ark. This is why He said to him at first: thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons’ wives with thee.75 He thereby informed him that on account of his merit alone they will be saved since He did not say, “Ye [in the plural] I have seen righteous before Me.” And He commanded that he take and bring of the clean beasts and clean fowl seven and seven, and then He informed him of the day of the flood, at which time he was to come into the ark. And Noah did so for in the selfsame day came Noah… into the ark.76 This is the meaning of [the verse: And Noah came in… into the ark] because of the waters of the flood.77 But Rashi wrote: “Noah also was one of those who have little faith, and he did not enter the ark until the waters forced him to do so.” In the words of Bereshith Rabbah:78 “Noah was lacking in faith. Had the waters not reached his ankles he would not have entered the ark.” But if so, let him say that Noah did not enter there until the waters greatly increased and covered the whole face of the earth and he saw that he was drowning!