Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Genesis 7:23/רמב"ן על בראשית ז׳:כ״ג
אוַיִּמַח אֶת כָּל הַיְקוּם אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה אַחַר שֶׁאָמַר "וַיִּגְוַע כָּל בָּשָׂר" וְאָמַר "מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בֶּחָרָבָה מֵתוּ", הוֹסִיף לֵאמֹר "וַיִּמַח", שֶׁנִּמְחוּ הַגּוּפוֹת וַיִּהְיוּ לְמַיִם, כְּעִנְיָן "וּמָחָה אֶל מֵי הַמָּרִים" (במדבר ה כג), כִּי הָיוּ הַמַּיִם רוֹתְחִין כְּדִבְרֵי רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (סנהדרין קח). אֲבָל אִם כֵּן יִהְיוּ הַדָּגִים מֵתִים. וְאוּלַי הָיָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ל"ב:י"א), "מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בֶּחָרָבָה", וְלֹא דָּגִים שֶׁבַּיָּם. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים אַף הֵן בִּכְלַל נֶאֱסָפִין, אֶלָּא שֶׁבָּרְחוּ לָאוֹקְיָנוֹס, וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם נִצּוֹלוֹ הַדָּגִים. וּשְׁנֵי הַדֵּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ אֶפְשָׁרִיִּים, כִּי יִתָּכֵן שֶׁמֵּימֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָרוֹתְחִים יִתְעָרְבוּ בַּיַּמִּים וִיחַמְּמוּ עֶלְיוֹנֵי הַיָּם בִּלְבַד, וְהַדָּגִים יָבֹאוּ בְּעִמְקֵי הַמְּצוּלוֹת וְיִחְיוּ שָׁם. אוֹ כְּדִבְרֵי יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁהָיוּ דְּגֵי הַיַּמִּים שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הָאָרֶץ הַקְּרוֹבִים מֵהֶם לָאוֹקְיָנוֹס בּוֹרְחִים שָׁם בְּהַרְגִּישָׁם רְתִיחַת הַמַּיִם, וְנִצּוֹלִין מֵהֶם שָׁם. וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם יָמוּתוּ כֻּלָּם, הִנֵּה מַרְבִּית הַדָּגָה בָּאוֹקְיָנוֹס הִיא, וְשָׁם לֹא יָרַד מַבּוּל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ז':י"ב) "וַיְהִי הַגֶּשֶׁם עַל הָאָרֶץ", וּמִשָּׁם יַחְזְרוּ הַדָּגִים אַחֲרֵי הַמַּבּוּל, כִּי מִן הַיָּם הָיוּ יוֹצְאִים כָּל הַיַּמִּים וְשָׁם הֵם שָׁבִים לָלָכֶת. וְעַל הַכְּלָל נִצּוֹלוֹ הַדָּגִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נִכְנְסוּ מֵהֶם בַּתֵּבָה לְחַיּוֹת זֶרַע, וְנֶאֱמַר בַּבְּרִית (להלן ט ט י) "הִנְנִי מֵקִים אֶת בְּרִיתִי אִתְּכֶם וְאֵת כָּל נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר אִתְּכֶם בָּעוֹף וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבְכָל חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ אִתְּכֶם מִכֹּל יֹצְאֵי הַתֵּבָה" וְלֹא הִזְכִּיר דְּגֵי הַיָּם:
1AND HE BLOTTED OUT EVERY LIVING SUBSTANCE WHICH WAS UPON THE FACE OF THE EARTH. After having said, And all flesh perished,97 and having said, whatever was in the dry land, died,98 Scripture continues to say, And He blotted out, meaning that the bodies dissolved and became water, just as is in the verse, And he shall blot them out in the water of bitterness99 — for the waters of the flood were hot, as our Rabbis have said.100 But if so, the fish also would have died. Perhaps it was as the Rabbis have said in Bereshith Rabbah:101 “Whatever was in the dry land died,98 but not the fish in the sea. And some authorities say that they too were destined to be destroyed, but they fled to the Mediterranean.”102 (ocean), but usually meaning the Mediterranean Sea. (See Jastrow.) Either way the fish were saved.Both of these opinions are plausible. For it is conceivable that the hot waters of the flood mingled with the seas, heating only their upper waters, while the fish descended to the depths of the ponds and lived there. Or, in accordance with the opinion of some authorities,103 it is possible that the fish in the waters of the countries near the Mediterranean102 (ocean), but usually meaning the Mediterranean Sea. (See Jastrow.) fled there when they felt the heat of the water, and were thus saved. And even if all those outside the Mediterranean died, since the majority of fish are in the Mediterranean102 (ocean), but usually meaning the Mediterranean Sea. (See Jastrow.) where the waters of the flood did not come down — as it is said, And the rain was upon the earth104 — the fish were thus saved. For none of the fish were brought into the ark to keep their seed alive, and at the time of the covenant it is said, I establish My covenant with you… and with every living creature that is with you, the fowl, and cattle, and every beast of the earth with you; of all that go out of the ark,105 but it does not mention the fish of the sea.
בוַיִּמָּחוּ מִן הָאָרֶץ פֵּרְשׁוּ הַכֶּפֶל לוֹמַר כִּי נִשְׁכַּח זִכְרָם, שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם זֶרַע, וּמָה צֹרֶךְ לֵאמֹר כֵּן אַחַר שֶׁמֵּתוּ הַכֹּל. אוּלַי מִפְּנֵי הָעוֹפוֹת וּמִקְצָת הַשֶּׁרֶץ, לֵאמֹר שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁאַר בָּהֶם בֵּיצִים בְּכָל עֵץ אוֹ תַּחַת הָאָרֶץ כִּי הַכֹּל נִמּוֹחוּ. וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁיְּהֵא שִׁעוּר הַכָּתוּב וַיִּמַח אֶת כָּל הַיְקוּם אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, כִּי מֵאָדָם עַד בְּהֵמָה עַד רֶמֶשׂ וְעַד עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם נִמּוֹחוּ מִן הָאָרֶץ, לֹא נִשְׁאַר רַק נֹחַ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ (סנהדרין קח) "וַיִּמַח" בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, "וַיִּמָּחוּ מִן הָאָרֶץ" מִן הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. עָשׂוּ הָאָרֶץ הַנִּזְכֶּרֶת כָּאן אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים, וּכְבָר רָמַזְתִּי סוֹדָהּ (לעיל א כו ו יג):
2AND THEY WERE BLOTTED OUT FROM THE EARTH. The commentators106 have explained that the reason for the double [expression, And He blotted out … and they were blotted out], is that their remembrance was forgotten since they had no seed. But what need is there to say that after we are told that they all died? Perhaps on account of the fowl and some creeping things, Scripture tells that none of their eggs were left on any tree or under the earth for everything was blotted out. It is probable that the sense of the verse is as follows: “And He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of the earth, for from man to beast to creeping things and to fowl of the heaven, they were blotted out from the earth, only Noah remaining alive.” Now our Rabbis have expounded:100 “And He blotted out, meaning from this world. And they were blotted out from the earth, meaning from the World to Come.” The Rabbis thus explained “the earth” mentioned here as meaning “the land of eternal life.” I have already alluded to its secret.107