Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ramban · Torah
Ramban on Numbers 24:14/רמב"ן על במדבר כ״ד:י״ד
אלְכָה אִיעָצְךָ – לְפִי שֶׁרָצָה לוֹמַר פֻּרְעָנוּת אֻמָּתוֹ, כְּדִכְתִיב ״וּמָחַץ פַּאֲתֵי מוֹאָב״ (במדבר כ״ד:י״ז), לְכָךְ אָמַר לוֹ "אִיעָצְךָ", כְּלוֹמַר אוֹמַר לְךָ לְצַד אֶחָד דֶּרֶךְ עֵצָה שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁמְעוּ אֲחֵרִים. ״לְכָה אִיעָצְךָ״ - מַה לְךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת. וּמַה הִיא הָעֵצָה? אֱלֹהֵיהֶם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ שׂוֹנֵא זִמָּה הוּא וְכוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְּפֶרֶק חֵלֶק (סנהדרין קו). תֵּדַע שֶׁבִּלְעָם הִשִּׂיאָם עֵצָה זוֹ בְּזִמָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״הֵן הֵנָּה הָיוּ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּדְבַר בִּלְעָם״ (במדבר ל״א:ט״ז). אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה הָעָם הַזֶּה לְעַמְּךָ - מִקְרָא קָצָר הוּא: אִיעָצְךָ לְהַכְשִׁילָם, וְאוֹמַר לְךָ מַה עֲתִידִין לְהָרַע לְמוֹאָב בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים, לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ״י (רש״י על במדבר כ״ד:י״ד). וְהַנָּכוֹן בְּעֵינַי שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ: אַגִּיד לְךָ הָעֵצָה אֲשֶׁר יָעַץ הָאֱלֹהִים שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה הָעָם הַזֶּה לְעַמְּךָ בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים, מִלְּשׁוֹן ״זֹאת הָעֵצָה הַיְּעוּצָה עַל כָּל הָאָרֶץ״ (ישעיהו יד כו), ״שִׁמְעוּ עֲצַת ה' אֲשֶׁר יָעַץ עַל אֱדוֹם״ (ירמיהו מט כ). וְאָמַר "אִיעָצְךָ", כִּי הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ עֵצָה יִקָּרֵא נוֹעָץ. וְהַנְּבוּאָה הַזֹּאת לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ הִיא, כִּי כָל נְבוּאוֹתָיו מוֹסִיפוֹת בָּעֲתִידוֹת. מִתְּחִלָּה אָמַר שֶׁהֵם חֵלֶק ה' וְנַחֲלָתוֹ, וּבַשֵּׁנִית הוֹסִיף כָּבְשָׁם הָאָרֶץ וְהָרְגָם מְלָכֶיהָ, וּבַשְּׁלִישִׁית רָאָה שִׁבְתָּם בָּאָרֶץ וּפָרוּ וְרָבוּ עַל הָאָרֶץ וְהַעֲמִידָם מֶלֶךְ יְנַצֵּחַ אֶת אֲגַג, וְתִנַּשֵּׂא עוֹד הַמַּלְכוּת שֶׁרָאָה דָוִד מִתְנַשֵּׂא לְמַעְלָה, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַיֵּדַע דָּוִד כִּי הֱכִינוֹ ה' לְמֶלֶךְ וְכִי נִשֵּׂא מַמְלַכְתּוֹ בַּעֲבוּר עַמּוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל״ (ש״ב ה יב), כְּלוֹמַר בַּעֲבוּר אֲשֶׁר הִבְטִיחָם שֶׁתִּנַּשֵּׂא מַלְכוּתָם. וְעַתָּה בַּנְּבוּאָה הַזֹּאת הָרְבִיעִית יוֹסֵף לִרְאוֹת עִנְיַן הַמָּשִׁיחַ, וּלְכָךְ הִרְחִיק הָעִנְיָן מְאֹד וְאָמַר ״אֶרְאֶנּוּ וְלֹא עַתָּה, אֲשׁוּרֶנּוּ וְלֹא קָרוֹב״ (במדבר כ״ד:י״ז), מַה שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר כֵּן בַּנְּבוּאוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת. וְאָמַר שֶׁזֹּאת עֲצַת ה' שֶׁיָּעַץ לִהְיוֹת בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים:
1COME AND I WILL COUNSEL THEE. Since Balaam wanted to tell [Balak] about the punishment [that would befall] his people, as it is written, and he shall smite through the corners of Moab,227 therefore he told him, I will counsel thee, that is to say: “I will tell you ‘on the side’ an advice, so that others should not hear it.” “Come and I will counsel thee what you have to do [to revenge yourself upon Israel]. And what was the advice [that he gave him]? [He told him]: ‘The G-d of these [Israelites] hates immorality, etc., [therefore I advise you to seduce Israel into sin by means of the lure of the Moabite women],’ as is narrated in the Chapter Cheilek.228, meaning: “I will counsel thee how to lead the people astray, and I will tell you what this people shall do …” Ramban explains the phrase “I will counsel thee” differently. You may know that it was Balaam who gave them this counsel [to lead Israel astray] through immorality, for it is said, Behold, these [women] caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, [to revolt so as to break faith with the Eternal].229 WHAT THIS PEOPLE SHALL DO TO THY PEOPLE. This is an elliptical verse [which means as follows]: ‘I will counsel thee how to corrupt them, and I will [also] tell you what evil they are destined to do to Moab in the end of days.’” This is Rashi’s language.The correct interpretation [of the word i’atzcha, normally translated: I will counsel thee] seems to me to be that Balaam told Balak: “I will tell you the purpose that G-d has planned that this people shall do to thy people in the end of days,” this being similar to the expressions: This is the ‘eitzah’ (purpose) that is ‘y’utzah’ (purposed) upon the whole earth;230 Hear ye the ‘atzath’ (design) of the Eternal, that He hath ‘ya’atz’ (purposed) against Edom.231 Balaam said i’atzcha [which literally means “I will give you counsel”], because one who hears counsel, [as Balaam heard G-d’s counsel], is called a no’atz [he with whom counsel is taken].232 (with whom took He counsel).And this prophecy [in the following verses], refers to Messianic times, for all of Balaam’s prophecies added [to the previous ones] in [speaking of more] distant events. Thus at first233 he said that Israel is [now] the portion of the Eternal and His inheritance;234 in the second prophecy235 he added that they would [later on] conquer the Land and kill its kings. In the third [prophecy]236 he saw them dwelling in the Land and increasing and multiplying therein, and that they would appoint a king [Saul] who would defeat Agag, and that the kingdom [of Israel] would be further exalted; for he saw David [whose kingdom] was exalted exceedingly,237 as it is said, And David perceived that the Eternal had established him king over Israel, and that He hath exalted his kingdom for His people Israel’s sake,238 that is to say, because He had promised them that their kingdom would be exalted. And now in this fourth prophecy Balaam continued [on the future] and saw the Messianic era; therefore he spoke of it as a very distant event, saying, I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not nigh,227 [a phrase] which he did not use in his first [three] prophecies. He stated that this is the purpose of G-d which He had planned, to come to pass in the end of days.239