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Ramban on Numbers 25:11/רמב"ן על במדבר כ״ה:י״א

אפִּינְחָס בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר – הוֹדִיעַ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר טוֹב לְפִינְחָס עַל קִנְאָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר קִנֵּא לֵאלֹהָיו, וְעַל הַצְּדָקָה שֶׁעָשָׂה עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא מֵתוּ כֻּלָּם בַּמַּגֵּפָה. וְצִוָּהוּ שֶׁיּוֹדִיעַ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן לְעוֹלָם, וְזֶה טַעַם ״לָכֵן אֱמֹר״ שֶׁיַּגִּיד זֶה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. וְלֹא אָמַר הַכָּתוּב "וְהָיְתָה לוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם" כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר בְּאַהֲרֹן (שמות כט ט), אֲבָל אָמַר "בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם" וְאָמַר "אֶת בְּרִיתִי שָׁלוֹם", שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ בְּרִית עִם הַשָּׁלוֹם דָּבֵק בּוֹ, וּבְאַהֲרֹן נֶאֱמַר "לְכָבוֹד וּלְתִפְאָרֶת" (שמות כח ב). וּלְכָךְ אָמַר "אֲשֶׁר קִנֵּא לֵאלֹהָיו", וְהַמַּשְׂכִּיל יָבִין. וְהִזְכִּיר ״וְשֵׁם אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמֻּכֶּה״ "וְשֵׁם הָאִשָּׁה הַמֻּכָּה" לְהוֹדִיעַ כִּי רָאוּי הָיָה לַשָּׂכָר הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה, שֶׁהָרַג נָשִׂיא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבַת מֶלֶךְ גּוֹיִם וְלֹא יָרֵא מֵהֶם בְּקִנְאָתוֹ לֵאלֹהָיו. וְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁנָּתַן שְׂכָרוֹ הַטּוֹב לַצַּדִּיק, צִוָּהוּ לְהִפָּרַע מִן הָרְשָׁעִים וְאָמַר לוֹ ״צָרוֹר אֶת הַמִּדְיָנִים״, וְצִוָּהוּ שֶׁיִּמְנֶה הָעָם תְּחִלָּה. וְזֶה טַעַם ״וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי הַמַּגֵּפָה״ (במדבר כ״ו:א׳), כִּי הַמִּנְיָן יִהְיֶה תְּחִלָּה:

1PHINEHAS, THE SON OF ELEAZAR. The Holy One, blessed be He, [here] informed Moses that He would give Phinehas a good reward for his zeal, because he was zealous for his G-d,¹ and for the righteousness² [Phinehas] for righteousness. which he did for Israel by bringing about atonement for them, so that they did not all die in the plague. He [also] commanded Moses to tell Israel that he [Phinehas] would be a priest forever,³ and this is the sense of the phrase, Therefore say,⁴ …] was G-d’s communication exclusively to Moses, telling him that He is desirous of rewarding Phinehas for the reasons stated in that verse, but He did not tell him what was to constitute the reward. Verse 12 then continues with the thought: “Since it is My desire to reward Phinehas, Therefore say to the children of Israel … ” Thus the contents of Verse 11 was not to be told to Israel (Aboab). This interpretation of Ramban is unlike that of Rashi from whose words it may be implied that even the contents of Verse 11 was to be told to the people, the object being that they were not to speak disparagingly of Phinehas for having killed a prince of Israel, for G-d testified that he is a descendant of Aaron, who was a lover of peace, and what Phinehas did was to save the honor of Israel. that Moses was to tell this to Israel. Now Scripture does not say: “and it shall be unto him, and to his seed after him ‘an everlasting priesthood, ’” as He said about Aaron,⁵. but instead it says: ‘the covenant’ of an everlasting priesthood,¹ and it [also] says, I give unto him ‘My covenant’ of peace, meaning that He will give him a covenant with peace cleaving to it, whereas in the case of Aaron it says for splendor and for beauty.⁶ and tiphereth, which represent certain Emanations], it was not necessary to mention ‘the covenant of’ an everlasting priesthood, indicating the perfect Unity. But in the case of Phinehas it does not say that his priesthood was for splendor and for beauty; therefore the verse had to mention ‘the covenant of an everlasting priesthood, indicating that Phinehas’ priesthood was also in the perfect Unity, because he was zealous for his G-d (Abusaula). See also my Hebrew commentary, p. 305. Therefore it says [here concerning Phinehas]: because he was zealous for his G-d. The student learned [in the mysteries of the Cabala] will understand.Scripture mentions, Now the name of the man of Israel that was slain;⁷ And the name of the Midianite woman that was slain,⁸ in order to indicate that [Phinehas] deserved this great reward because he killed a prince of Israel, and the daughter of a heathen king and [nonetheless] he feared them not in his zeal for his G-d. And after He had requited His good reward to the righteous one [Phinehas], He commanded Moses to punish the wicked ones, and He told him, Harass the Midianites,⁹ but first He commanded him to count the people. This is the intent of [the phrase] And it came to pass after the plague [that the Eternal spoke unto Moses … ‘Take the sum etc.’],¹⁰ meaning that the taking of the census should be done first [before the punishment of the Midianites].