Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Deuteronomy 32:15/ספורנו על דברים ל״ב:ט״ו

אוַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן וַיִּבְעָט. וְהִנֵּה גַּם בַּעֲלֵי הָעִיּוּן שֶׁבָּהֶם הַנִּקְרָאִים יְשֻׁרוּן מִן ״אֲשׁוּרֶנּוּ וְלֹא קָרוֹב״ (במדבר כד:יז), עָשׂוּ כְּמוֹ הַבְּהֵמוֹת הַבּוֹעֲטוֹת בִּבְנֵי אָדָם שֶׁנּוֹתְנִים לָהֶם מָזוֹן.
1וישמן ישורון ויבעט, however, even the most erudite of them, the ones known admiringly as Yeshurun, (based on Bileam’s prophecy of אשורנו ולא קרוב, in Numbers 24,17) acted as if they were animals, kicking the very people who give them food.
בשָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ. הִנֵּה אַתָּה יְשֻׁרוּן, קְהַל תּוֹפְשֵׂי הַתּוֹרָה וּבַעֲלֵי הָעִיּוּן, פָּנִיתָ אֶל הַתַּעֲנוּגִים הַגַּשְׁמִיִּים, וּבָזֶה עָבִיתָ מֵהָבִין דַּקּוּת הָאֱמֶת, כְּאָמְרוֹ ״וְגַם אֵלֶּה בַּיַּיִן שָׁגוּ וּבַשֵּׁכָר תָּעוּ כֹּהֵן וְנָבִיא״ (ישעיהו כח:ז).
2שמנת עבית כשית, you, the elite of the people, preferred to concentrate on the physical enjoyments offered by a life of leisure, and by doing so עבית, you became too gross to understand the finer points of the teachings of the Torah, the only truth. Isaiah 28,7 describes the conduct of the spiritual elite of the people when he writes: “but these are also so muddled by wine, and dazed by liquor, Priest and Prophet are muddled by wine;“
גכָּשִׂיתָ. כְּאָמְרוֹ (ישעיהו מד:יח) ״כִּי טַח מֵרְאוֹת עֵינֵיהֶם מֵהַשְׂכִּיל לִבּוֹתָם״.
3כשית, compare what Isaiah 44,18 writes, “they have no wit or judgment, their eyes are besmeared and they see not;”
דוַיִּטֹּשׁ אֱלוֹהַּ עָשָׂהוּ. וּלְפִיכָךְ נָטַש הֶהָמוֹן אֱלוֹהַּ עָשָׂהוּ.
4ויטוש אלו-ה עושהו, so that, following the example of their elite, the people at large abandoned G’d the One Who had made them;
הוַיְנַבֵּל צוּר יְשֻׁעָתוֹ. בְּזֶהוּ כִּי מֵרָעָה אֶל רָעָה יָצָאוּ.
5וינבל צור ישועתו, despising the Rock of its salvation, i.e. sliding from bad to worse in their lifestyles.