Sforno on Deuteronomy 32:21/ספורנו על דברים ל״ב:כ״א

1הם קנאוני בלא אל, the generations during the first Temple aroused My jealousy because they practiced idolatry, i.e. they worshipped “non-gods,”

2 whereas the generations during the second Temple made Me angry with their reliance of various vain phenomena. As a fitting punishment

3אקניאם בלא עם, during the first Temple I will arouse their jealousy by the “non-people,” the Babylonians, destroying the Temple and taking them captive, (compare Isaiah 23,13 and how he describes the Chaldaens), whereas the second Temple will be destroyed through a thoroughly wicked nation

4,בגוי נבל אכעיסם, possessing neither their own language nor alphabet. (Gittin 80).