Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Sforno · Torah

Sforno on Leviticus 19:27/ספורנו על ויקרא י״ט:כ״ז

אלֹא תַקִּיפוּ. וְצִוָּה שֶׁלֹּא נְחַלְּלֵם בְּהַקָּפַת הָרֹאשׁ כְּמַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹטִים וְשִׁכּוֹרִים אוֹ כּוֹמְרִים, וְלֹא בְּגִלּוּחַ הַזָּקָן כְּאָמְרָם ״הֲדָרַת פָּנִים זָקָן״ (שבת קנב), וְלֹא בְּשֶׂרֶט לְנֶפֶשׁ כְּמַחֲשִׁיבִים מְאֹד מִיתַת הָאָדָם וּמִתְאַבְּלִים מְאֹד עָלֶיהָ. וְכֵן בִּכְתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע לָתֵת אוֹת בִּבְשָׂרֵנוּ מִלְּבַד אוֹת הַבְּרִית.
1Seeing that it is part of revering the Lord and honouring Him not to desecrate our own bodies which He sanctified to enable us to serve Him, the Torah begins with a list of prohibitions designed to emphasise this point. לא תקיפו, we must not desecrate our heads by removing its hair as is the custom of gentile clergy or fools and drunkards. Neither are we to shave off the beard which represents man’s dignity, הדרת פנים שלו, “Shabbat 152. Neither are we to make incisions on our skin, something that is customary amongst pagans as an expression of their grief for family members who have died. Excessive mourning of this kind could be interpreted as questioning G’d Who allowed the departed to die. The same applies to a well known method of tattooing one’s skin with indelible ink below the skin, a permanent defacing of one’s body, described as כתובת קעקע. The only “improvements” to our G’d given body we are to make is the sign of the covenant, i.e. the removal of the foreskin of our males. Allowing or encouraging one’s unmarried daughter to devote her life to one of harlotry is a major desecration of one’s purpose on earth. Not only does the daughter desecrate the name of G’d by doing so, but she also desecrates the image of her father and all that he stands for. The death penalty by burning is decreed for such conduct under certain conditions in Leviticus 21,9.