Midrash · Halachah

Sifrei Devarim 131/ספרי דברים קל״א

א(דברים טז ד) לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר, רוֹאֶה אַתָּה לַאֲחֵרִים; לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר, רוֹאֶה אַתָּה לַגָּבוֹהַּ; לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר, רוֹאֶה אַתָּה בַּפְּלַטְיָא.

1Pisqa’ 131⁴²⁹1. “Leaven⁴³⁰ the leavening agent, rather than khametz, the leavened product.. should be out of your sight” (Dt. 16:4)—you may see the leaven of [gentile] others among you.⁴³¹ 10; Mechilta Shimon- Nelson, p. 38.“Leaven should be out of your sight” (Dt. 16:4)—you may see the leaven of the Supernal One[if it had been already consecratedto the Holy Abode, for it is not yours].“Leaven should be out of your sight” (Dt. 16:4)—[you may see leaven] on a plazawhere it is deemed to be ownerless, and thus not yours.

בלֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר, בַּטֵּל בְּלִבְּךָ! מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ (פסחים ג ז): הַהוֹלֵךְ לִשְׁחוֹט אֶת פִּסְחוֹ וְלָמוּל אֶת בְּנוֹ, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ חָמֵץ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ – אִם יָכוֹל לַחֲזוֹר וּלְבַעֵר וְלַחֲזוֹר לְמִצְוָתוֹ – יַחֲזוֹר; וְאִם לָאו – יְבַטֵּל בְּלִבּוֹ.

2“Leaven should be out of your sight” (Dt. 16:4)—that is, nullify it in your heart.On this basis they taught:One who is on the way to slaughter his Paschal lamb,or to circumcise his son,and recalls that he has leavened-food inside his home—if he has time to return and remove it,and can still complete the intended commandment,let him return home [to remove it].But if not, he should nullify it in his heart.⁴³²

ג(שמות יג ז) ״לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ חָמֵץ וְלֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ שְׂאֹר״ – זֶהוּ חִלּוּק שֶׁבֵּין בֵּית שַׁמַּיי לְבֵית הִלֵּל (ביצה פ״א מ״א) שֶׁבֵּית שַׁמַּיי אוֹמְרִים: שְׂאוֹר כַּזַּיִת וְחָמֵץ כַּכּוֹתֶבֶת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: זֶה וָזֶה כַּזַּיִת.

3“Leavened-food (khametz) should be out of your sight” (Ex. 13:7) and“Leaven (se’or) should be out of your sight” (Dt. 16:4)—[why does the Torah distinguish khametz from se’or]?This points to a dispute betweenthe disciple-circle of Shammai and the disciple-circle of Hillel.For the circle of Shammai say:as for leaven,the volume of an olive [is prohibited during Passover];but as for leavened-food,the volume of a large date [is prohibited during Passover].But the circle of Hillel say:both this and that[are prohibited at the smaller] volume of an olive.⁴³³

דוְלֹא יָלִין מִן הַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר תִּזְבַּח בָּעֶרֶב, אֵיזוֹ זְבִיחָה אַתָּה זוֹבֵחַ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכוֹל לָעֶרֶב? הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר זֶה הַפֶּסַח.

42. “And any meat that you slaughter for the eveningshall not remain over night” (Dt. 16:4).What sacrifice do you offer by dayin order to eat it that night?I would say: the Paschal lamb!

הבַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן לַבֹּקֶר, לְבָקְרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁי אוֹ יָכוֹל לְבָקְרוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״נֶדֶר״, (ויקרא ז טז) ״אִם נֶדֶר״; ״נְדָבָה״, (ויקרא ז טז) ״אוֹ נְדָבָה״, לְרַבּוֹת חֲגִיגָה הַבָּאָה עִם הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁתֵּאָכֵל לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים. הָא מָה אֲנִי מְקַיֵּם לַבֹּקֶר? לְבָקְרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁי.

5“Till morning of the first day” (Dt. 16:4)]—that is, the morning of the third day.⁴³⁴Or, is it possible to say thatit refers to the morning of the second day?⁴³⁵The Teaching states:“If his sacrificial offering is a . . . Voluntary-offering . . .on the day of his sacrifice shall he eat it . ..but what remains of the sacrificial meat by the third dayshall be burnt in fire” (Lv. 7:16-17).⁴³⁶ 131, n. 7. The phrase, or a Voluntary-offering,includes the Festival-offering (khagigah) that is brought with the Paschal lambin the requirement to be eaten within two days.Well, then, how do I understand the phrase till morning (Dt. 16:4)?It refers to the[Festival-offering, which may be eaten]on the morning of the third day[unlike the Paschal lamb].⁴³⁷ per. 12:7-8.