Midrash · Halachah
Sifrei Devarim 264/ספרי דברים רס״ד
א(דברים כג כב) כִּי תִדֹּר נֶדֶר לַה׳, נֶאֱמַר כָּאן נֶדֶר וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן נֶדֶר, מַה נֶּדֶר הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן נֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה אַף נֶדֶר הָאָמוּר כָּאן נֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה, וּמַה נֶּדֶר הָאָמוּר כָּאן לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ אַף נֶדֶר הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ.
1Pisqa’ 2643151. “When you utter a vow316 as a noun, “a vow;” as a verb, “to avow. The nominal form can also refer to the avowed offering itself, “a Vow-offering.”to HASHEM your God” (Dt. 23:22)—a Vow-offering is specified here, anda Vow-offering is specified elsewhere (Lv. 7:16).Just as elsewhere, the Vow-offeringis paired with a Voluntary-offering (Lv. 7:16),so, too, here, the Vow-offeringis paired with a Voluntary-offering (Dt. 23:22).317And just as, of the Vow-offering specified here, we learn:“You must not delay to pay it,” (Dt. 23:22),so, too, of the Vow-offering specified elsewhere (Lv. 7:16),we learn “You must not delay to pay it.”318 par.3:3.
בלַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אֵלּוּ עֲרָכִים וַחֲרָמִים וְהֶקְדֵּשׁוֹת.
22. “To HASHEM your God” (Dt. 23:22)—this applies to [vows based upon]the posited value of persons319 “valuations.” (Lv. 27:1-8);dedications made to the priesthood320 “dedications.” (Lv:27:28);and consecrations to the Abode321 “consecrations.” (Lv. 27:9).322 265.2.
גלֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ, הוּא וְלֹא חֲלוּפָיו.
3“Ýou must not delay to pay it” (Dt. 23:22)—[you must offer] the avowed animal, and not a substitute (Lv. 27:10).
דכִּי דָרֹשׁ יִדְרְשֶׁנּוּ, אֵלּוּ חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת.
4“For HASHEM your God will surely seek it out from you” (Dt. 23:22)—It refers to Purification-offerings and Guilt-offerings[offered in atonement for a delay in the Vow-offering].
הה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ, זֶה הֶקְדֵּשׁ בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת.
5“To HASHEM your God” (Dt. 23:22)—These are consecrations for maintaining the Abode.323 265.2
ומֵעִמָּךְ, זֶה לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה.
6“From you” (Dt. 23:22)—this refers to Gleanings, the Forgotten-sheaf, and the Corner–offering,[all of which come from privately-owned fields].
זוְהָיָה בְךָ חֵטְא, בְּךָ חֵטְא וְלֹא בְּקָרְבָּנְךָ חֵטְא.
7“And the sin will be yours” (Dt. 23:22)—the sin will be yours, but there will be no flaw in your sacrifice,[even though it is delayed].