Midrash · Halachah
Sifrei Devarim 276/ספרי דברים ער״ו
א(דברים כד י) כִּי תַשֶּׁה בְרֵעֶךָ, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא מִלְוָה, מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר וְהַקָּפַת חֲנוּת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: מַשַּׁאת מְאוּמָה.
1Pisqa’ 2763811. “Should you ever lend on pledge to your kinsman” (Dt. 24:10).I might infer only that[the subject here is] a lender.On what basis do I include under this rule[other kinds of loans,]such as a worker’s back-wages,or a shop-keeper’s extension of credit [to a customer]?The Teaching states:“A loan secured by a pledge of any kind” (Dt. 24:10).
בלֹא תָבֹא אֶל בֵּיתוֹ, יָכוֹל לֹא יְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ מִבִּפְנִים אֲבָל יְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ מִבַּחוּץ, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: לַעֲבֹט עֲבֹטוֹ בַּחוּץ. יָכוֹל לֹא יְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ מִבַּחוּץ אֲבָל יְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ מִבִּפְנִים, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: בַּחוּץ תַּעֲמֹד.
22. “You may not enter his house” (Dt. 24:10)—is it possible to say that[a creditor] may not seize the pledgewhile in [the debtor’s] house,but he may seize the property while outside?The Teaching states:“To seize any article of his, you must stand outside” (Dt. 24:10).382Is it possible to say thathe may not seize the pledge while outside,but he may seize the pledge while inside?The Teaching states:“You must stand outside” (Dt. 24:10)—[if so, under what circumstances may the creditorseize the article serving to secure the loan]?
גכְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר וְהָאִישׁ – לְרַבּוֹת שְׁלִיחַ בֵּית דִּין.
3When He says:“Then the man . . . shall bring out the pledged article to you” (Dt. 24:11)—the point is to include the agent of the court[as the man who may enter the debtor’shouse on behalf of the creditor].