Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Exodus 12:16/אבן עזרא על שמות י״ב:ט״ז
אוביום הראשון. הוא יום יציאת מצרים, והיום השביעי הוא יום טביעת פרעה כאשר אפרש:
1AND IN THE FIRST DAY. The day of the Exodus from Egypt.331 The seventh day is, as I will explain, the day that the Egyptians drowned.
בכל מלאכה. בכל המועדים חוץ מיום השבת ויום הכפורים אין כתוב בהם כל מלאכה רק בפסח לבדו אמר, והתנה להוציא אוכל נפש, ובכל מקום בין בפסח בין בעצרת בין ביום הזכרון וחג הסוכות היה אוחז דרך קצרה לומר כל מלאכה לא תעשו, רק במקום אחד בפסח לא תעשו כל מלאכה על דרך שהזכיר תחלה:
2NO MANNER OF WORK. We do not find the phrase kol melakhah (no manner of work) stated with regard to any of the festivals,332 (ye shall do no manner of servile work). See Lev. 23:8, 21, 25, 35; 36. Also see Num. 28:18, 26, 29:1, 12, 35. with the exception of the Sabbath and the Day of Atonement.333 (ye shall do no manner of work). See Ex. 20:10; Lev. 23:3, 28. Also see Num. 29:7. However, the phrase334. is employed with regard to Passover335 with the proviso that that which every man must eat is permitted.336 In all other places, be it Passover,337 Sha’vu’ot,338 the Day of Memorial,339. See Lev. 23.25; Num. 29:1. or the festival of Sukkot,340 Scripture employs the abridged form and states, ye shall do no manner of servile341 (no manner of servile work) and not kol melakhah (no manner of work) with regard to the festivals. Our text follows Vat. Ebr. 38. The printed editions read, kol melakhah. This is obviously a scribal error. work.342. 38. The printed text read: No work shall be done. It is I.E.’s contention that ye shall do no manner of servile work is short for: ye shall do no manner of work save that which every man may eat, as okhel nefesh (that which every man must eat) is not considered melekhet avodah (servile work). Only in one place343 with regard to Passover is it stated that you shall do no manner of work under the first stated conditions.344.