Tanach · Rishonim on Tanach · Ibn Ezra · Torah
Ibn Ezra on Leviticus 19:10/אבן עזרא על ויקרא י״ט:י׳
אתעולל. תכרית העוללות הם הקטנים כמו עולל גם יקראו יונקות וזאת המלה כמו ושרשך מארץ חיים שטעמו יכרית השרש וכן מסעף פארה יכרות הסעיף:
1GLEAN. Te’olel (glean) means to cut off the olelot, that is the young grapes. Compare, olel (young child). Very young children are also called yonekot (sucklings).34 (young children and the sucklings). This word35 means a young child or a young plant. Te’olel thus appears to mean to plant a young shoot. However, it has the opposite meaning. It means to harvest a young plant. Thus a word coming from a root meaning a young plant can, in the pi’el, have the opposite meaning, i.e., to destroy a young plant. is similar to shereshkha (root thee out)36 comes from the stem meaning root. Thus the word might be taken to mean to root. However, it has the opposite meaning in the pi’el. in And root thee out of the land of the living (Ps. 52:7), the meaning of which is, to cut the root. Similarly the meaning of mesa’ef37 comes from the same root as se’if (a branch). However, in the p’iel it means to cut the branches. purah (Is. 10:33) is to lop the boughs.
בופרט. ידוע בדברי קבלה מגזרת הפורטים על פי הנבל:
2THE FALLEN FRUIT. The meaning of peret (fallen fruit) is known in the words of tradition.38 is often used in Rabbinic tradition and there has the meaning of that which is singled out. See Sotah 37b; Chagigah 6a. Thus peret means the single grapes that fall off the vine. See Pe’ah 6:5, Two grapes are peret; three are not peret. It is related to the word poretim (thrum)39 means those that pluck on each one of the strings of the psaltery. in That thrum on the psaltery (Amos 6:5).
גלעני. ישראל:
3FOR THE POOR. Of Israel.
דולגר. הגר אתכם:
4AND FOR THE STRANGER. Who lives among you.40