Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Deuteronomy 1:36/אור החיים על דברים א׳:ל״ו
אהוּא יִרְאֶנָּה וְלוֹ אֶתֵּן וְגוֹ׳. צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר ״יִרְאֶנָּה״ כֵּיוָן שֶׁמַּבְטִיחַ לְתִתָּהּ לוֹ, בִּכְלַל מָאתַיִם מָנֶה. וְנִרְאֶה שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן ה׳ לוֹמַר שֶׁשְּׁתֵּי זְכֻיּוֹת הָיוּ בְּיַד כָּלֵב בְּעִנְיָן זֶה וּבִשְׁבִילָם זָכָה לִשְׁנֵי דְּבָרִים: א׳ – שֶׁפִּנָּה עַצְמוֹ מֵעֲצַת הַמְּרַגְּלִים וְלֹא אָמַר רַע, ב׳ – שֶׁאַדְרַבָּה הָיָה סוֹתֵר דִּבְרֵי הַמְּרַגְּלִים לְמַלֹּאת אַחֲרֵי ה׳, דִּכְתִיב (במדבר יג:ל) ״וַיַּהַס כָּלֵב״ וְגוֹ׳. וְיִעֵד לוֹ ה׳ שְׁנֵי דְּבָרִים טוֹבִים: כְּנֶגֶד מַה שֶׁפִּנָּה עַצְמוֹ מֵעֲצַת הַמְּרַגְּלִים עָלָה בְּיָדוֹ זְכוּת שֶׁלֹּא יָמוּת בִּגְזֵרָתָם, וְהוּא מַה שֶׁסָּמַךְ לוֹמַר בֶּן יְפֻנֶּה הוּא יִרְאֶנָּה, פֵּרוּשׁ בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁפִּנָּה עַצְמוֹ מֵעֲצַת הַמְּרַגְּלִים יָצָא מִכְּלַל גְּזֵרַת ״אִם יִרְאֶה אִישׁ וְגוֹ׳ וְכָל מְנַאֲצַי לֹא יִרְאוּהָ״ (במדבר יד:כג). וּכְנֶגֶד שֶׁמִּלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ה׳ נָתַן לוֹ אֶת הָאָרֶץ, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ ״וְלוֹ אֶתֵּן אֶת הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳ יַעַן אֲשֶׁר מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ה׳״.
1 הוא יראנה ולו אתן את הארץ, "he will see it and to him I will give the land, etc." Why did Moses have to say that Calev would see the land seeing that he had been promised that G'd would give it to him? Surely just as 100 is part of 200, the land could not be given to Calev unless he was going to see it! I believe Moses wanted to recall two separate accomplishments of Calev in the matter of the spies and to show that he acquired two separate merits. 1) He separated himself from the advice of the ten spies and did not say a single negative word. 2) He was courageous enough to come out openly against the majority report asking the people to remain loyal to G'd, as we know from Numbers 13,30: "Calev silenced the people." As a compensation G'd granted Calev two good things. Concerning his initial silence G'd rewarded him by not letting him die as part of the decree which G'd decreed against the spies. This is alluded to in Moses saying: בן יפנה הוא יראנה, "the son of Yefuneh will see it." The meaning is that because he "turned away" פנה, he was granted the reward that he would see the land he had spied out. His peers had been specifically denied this, i.e. Numbers 14,23 where G'd said that the men of his generation would not get to see the land of Canaan. In reward for Calev having come out openly on behalf of G'd he was rewarded in that G'd gave him the land, i.e. he personally i.e. לו was allocated a share in the Holy Land.