Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Genesis 15:15/אור החיים על בראשית ט״ו:ט״ו
אוְאַתָּה תָּבוֹא וְגוֹ׳. קָשֶׁה לָמָּה הִפְסִיק בְּהַבְטָחַת אַבְרָהָם תּוֹךְ הַבְטָחוֹת הַבָּנִים, וַהֲגַם שֶׁמַּבְטִיחוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶה בְּחַיָּיו מֵהַשִּׁעְבּוּד שֶׁל זַרְעוֹ, עִם כָּל זֶה לֹא הָיְתָה נִפְסֶדֶת הַכַּוָּנָה אִם הָיָה מְאַחֵר, שֶׁגַּם עַתָּה אֵין הַמַּאֲמָר סָמוּךְ לַשִּׁעְבּוּד אֶלָּא לַגְּאֻלָּה. עוֹד צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה כָּפַל לוֹמַר ״בְּשָׁלוֹם״ ״בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה״ וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק בְּאָמְרוֹ ״בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה״ וּבָהּ כָּלוּל גַּם כֵּן בְּשׂוֹרַת תְּשׁוּבַת יִשְׁמָעֵאל שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה לח:יב), וְלֹא יִרְאֶה שִׁעְבּוּד הַבָּנִים?
1 ואתה תבא אל אבותיך בשלום. As for you yourself, you will join your forefathers in peace. Why did the Torah interrupt the promises made to Abraham's descendants with a promise to Abraham personally? Even though G'd wanted to reassure Abraham that he personally would not experience the part of the decree connected with enslavement and oppression, this could have been stated after G'd had concluded telling him which generation would experience the redemption! The meaning would have been clear since the promise was adjoining the promise that Israel would experience redemption! Besides, why did the Torah have to repeat itself, stressing: a) "in peace," and b) "in a ripe old age?" Would it not have sufficed to promise Abraham that he would die in a ripe old age before the enslavement of his descendants would commence? The promise of death in a ripe old age would have implied that Ishmael would become a penitent, as pointed out by Bereshit Rabbah 38,12.
באָכֵן כַּוָּנַת הַכָּתוּב לְפִי מַה שֶׁקָּדַם לָנוּ, כִּי הַצַּדִּיקִים וּבִפְרָט הָאָבוֹת יַקְפִּידוּ עַל נִכּוּי שָׂכָר לָעוֹלָם הַנִּצְחִי. וְצֵא וּלְמַד (בראשית רבה מד,ד) שֶׁמָּצִינוּ לוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מֵיצֵר בַּהֲרִיגַת הַמְּלָכִים שֶׁמָּא נִתְנַכָּה לוֹ מִשָּׂכָר הָעֶלְיוֹן, עַד שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ ה׳ (בראשית טו:א) ״אַל תִּירָא אַבְרָם וְגוֹ׳ שְׂכָרְךָ הַרְבֵּה״. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן כְּשֶׁהִבְטִיחוֹ שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מֵהַשִּׁעְבּוּד בִּרְכוּשׁ גָּדוֹל, יֵשׁ מָקוֹם לְאַבְרָהָם לָחוּשׁ וְלוֹמַר כִּי צָרִיךְ לְנַכּוֹת מִשְּׂכָרוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ נִסִּים וְנִפְלָאוֹת לְבָנָיו וּלְהוֹצִיאָם בִּרְכוּשׁ גָּדוֹל. לָזֶה הִבְטִיחוֹ סָמוּךְ לַאֲמִירַת ״יֵצְאוּ״ וְגוֹ׳ וְאַתָּה תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ בְּשָׁלוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא יִתְנַכֶּה מִשָּׁלוֹם אֲשֶׁר הֶחֱזַקְתָּ בְּמָעוֹז, וְחֶסֶד הַבִּטָּחוֹן מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים הוּא. וְזֶה כְּנֶגֶד הַבְטָחוֹת הִשָּׁאֲרוּת הַנֶּפֶשׁ, וּכְנֶגֶד פְּרָטֵי עוֹלָם הַזֶּה אָמַר תִּקָּבֵר בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה. כָּאן כָּלַל שֶׁלֹּא יַבִּיט מֵהַשִּׁעְבּוּד לְבָנָיו, גַּם שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה יִשְׁמָעֵאל תְּשׁוּבָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּקְבְּרוּהוּ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה בְּבָנִים צַדִּיקִים, כִּי הוּא הַמְקֻוֶּה לַצַּדִּיקִים וּשְׁאָר פְּרָטֵי הַטּוֹב וְהַשַּׁלְוָה. וּבָזֶה סָלְקָה קֻשְׁיַת רַמְבַּ״ן יְעֻיַּן שָׁם דְּבָרָיו, כִּי לֹא בָּאָה הַהַבְטָחָה עַל הַגֵּרוּת וְכוּ׳, וְדִבְרֵי רַמְבַּ״ן דְּחוּקִים.
2Righteous people, and especially our patriarchs, were always concerned with losing part of the reward they had stored up for use in the Hereafter through some act of kindness G'd would perform for them in this world. According to Bereshit Rabbah 44,4 Abraham worried that he might have caused the death of an innocent person in his war against the four kings and that as a result he had forfeited some of his eternal reward. G'd therefore reassured him by saying in 15,1: "Do not worry, your reward will be great." In view of the concern that Abraham displayed then it is reasonable to assume that he was similarly worried whether the eventual redemption from Egypt would not use up too many merits if it were accompanied by extraneous perks such as the רכוש גדול, acquisition of material wealth that would accompany it. What troubled Abraham was that clearly G'd would have to perform miracles in order to free his enslaved descendants when the time came. G'd wanted to put his mind at rest immediately; this is why He interrupted the prediction of what was going to happen by promising Abraham that his peace of mind would not be disturbed. The promise of שלום, refers to Abraham's peace of mind in the Hereafter, whereas the שיבה טובה, ripe old age, refers to his concerns about life on earth.