Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Genesis 29:23/אור החיים על בראשית כ״ט:כ״ג

אוַיְהִי בָעֶרֶב וְגוֹ׳. צַעַר גָּדוֹל גָּרַם בְּהַטְעָאַת הַצַּדִּיק וְגָרַם פִּזּוּר תּוֹקֶף הַקְּדֻשָּׁה, וְצֵא וּלְמַד (זוהר וישלח קע״ו) כִּי זֶה סִבָּה שֶׁנֶּעֶקְרָה קְדֻשַּׁת הַבְּכוֹר אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ יִתְקַבְּצוּ מַלְכוּת וּכְהֻנָּה וְשֶׁקֶל כָּפוּל בַּיְּרֻשָּׁה, וּלְצַד הַמַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁחָשַׁב יַעֲקֹב בְּרָחֵל וְעָשָׂה פְּעֻלָּתוֹ בְּלֵאָה, נִתְפַּזְּרוּ בְּחִינוֹת הַקְּדֻשָּׁה וַתֶּחֱלַשׁ גְּבוּרַת הַקֹּדֶשׁ:
1 ויהי בערב, It was in the evening, etc. Laban caused great pain by deceiving such a righteous man as Jacob; the exchange resulted in a dilution of the hold holiness exerted on earth. You are well advised to study what the Zohar סתרי תורה on Parshat Vayetze item 176 has to say on the subject. According to the Zohar, Laban's having switched Leah for Rachel was the cause that the sanctity of the birthright became downgraded. Originally both monarchy and priesthood would have been the share of the firstborn just as the firstborn receives a double portion of the inheritance from his father. When Jacob slept with Leah he intended to impregnate Rachel (since he was not aware of his partner's real identity). This meant that his marital relations with Leah at the time were not totally pure. As a result the sanctity that he could have achieved by this union if his partner had truly been his intended bride, the sanctity he hoped to create, was diluted, was significantly reduced.
בוַיִּקַּח אֶת לֵאָה. אוּלַי שֶׁלֹּא רָצְתָה לְרַמּוֹת יַעֲקֹב, וּלְקָחָהּ בְּעַל כָּרְחָהּ אוֹ בְּרִצּוּי דְּבָרִים, וְזוּלַת זֶה לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אֶלָּא ״וַיָּבֵא לֵאָה בִתּוֹ אֵלָיו״:
2ויקח את לאה, he took Leah. Perhaps Leah did not intend to deceive Jacob but was forced by her father Laban to go through with this charade. It is also possible that Laban managed to persuade her. Unless one of these two reasons is correct the Torah did not need to write "he took," but could have simply written: "he brought his daughter Leah to him."
גוַיָּבֵא אוֹתָהּ. הֶעֱרִים לַהֲבִיאָהּ בְּיָדוֹ, וְלֹא מְסָרָהּ לֹא לִשְׁלוּחֵי הָאָב וְלֹא לִשְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה לוֹ זְמַן לְהַכִּיר בָּהּ קֹדֶם, וֶהֱבִיאָהּ בְּיָדוֹ, וְאֵין מֵהַמּוּסָר לֶחָתָן לְהִזְדַּמֵּן לְפָנָיו, וְשָׁם עָמַד לָבָן עַד סָמוּךְ לְבִיאָתוֹ אֵלֶיהָ לְהַמְעִיט לוֹ זְמַן הַהַכָּרָה.
3ויבא אותה, he brought her. Laban was careful to do this personally; this was part of the deception. He did not allow time for the deception to be discovered. It would have been very unbecoming for the bridegroom to have demanded at that moment that Leah (Rachel) identify herself.
דוַיָּבֹא אֵלֶיהָ. טַעַם שֶׁלֹּא הִרְגִּישׁ בָּהּ הוּא לַחֲשָׁשַׁת צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר וְנֶאֱמַן רוּחַ, לְבַל יִכָּשֵׁל בְּמִכְשׁוֹל הָאֱנוֹשִׁי אֲשֶׁר יִתְאַוּוּ תַּאֲוָה קוֹדֶם קְרוֹב אֵלֶיהָ, וְיַטִּיפוּ מִמֶּנּוּ צִחְצוּחֵי טֻמְאָה קוֹדֶם הַתְחָלַת מִצְוָה. וּמִי לָנוּ גָּדוֹל מִיַּעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ, עֵדוּת לוֹ בַּתּוֹרָה (בראשית מט:ג) ״רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי״, וְעַיֵּן מַה שֶׁכָּתַבְנוּ שָׁם, אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן הִרְחִיק הָרְאוֹת בָּהּ וְתֵכֶף וּמִיָּד בָּא אֵלֶיהָ לִשְׁמֹר חוּמוֹ בַּל יְחַלֵּל בְּרִיתוֹ בְּרִית קֹדֶשׁ, וְגַם אַחַר גְּמַר בִּיאָה לֹא הִכִּיר בָּהּ כִּי כִּבָּה הַנֵּרוֹת כְּמִשְׁפָּט לְאוֹהֲבֵי שְׁמוֹ (אורח חיים רמ) עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר.
4ויבא אליה. He had marital relations with her. The reason that Jacob did not notice that the woman beside him was not Rachel was that a righteous man of his calibre did not engage in actions that would arouse him before performing the commandment of marital intercourse in order to produce children. There was no one who could match Jacob in this kind of piety. The Torah itself testifies in Genesis 49,3 that he was able to say of himself that Reuben was the product of the first time he emitted semen, i.e. ראשית אוני. Look at our commentary on that verse. He joined Leah without engaging in what is called "foreplay" in our parlance. Even after completing intercourse with Leah Jacob did not recognise her since everything took place in darkness as required by halachah (compare אור החיים 240).