Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Genesis 29:6/אור החיים על בראשית כ״ט:ו׳

אוַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הֲשָׁלוֹם לוֹ וגו׳ וְהִנֵּה רָחֵל וגו׳. טַעַם שֶׁלֹּא אָמְרוּ שָׁלוֹם לוֹ כִּלְשׁוֹן הַשְּׁאֵלָה, לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּמַשְׁמָעוּת דִּבְרֵי יַעֲקֹב שְׁנֵי דְּבָרִים: אֶחָד, הוּא אִם שָׁלֵם בְּגוּפוֹ וּבְמָמוֹנוֹ. וְשֵׁנִי, אִם הֵם שְׁלֵמִים עִמּוֹ. וּפֵרוּשׁ דְּבָרָיו הֲשָׁלוֹם אַתֶּם אֵלָיו, וְלָזֶה נִתְחַכְּמוּ וְאָמְרוּ שָׁלוֹם, פֵּרוּשׁ לְכָל מַה שֶׁאַתָּה שׁוֹאֵל שָׁלוֹם. וְטַעַם אָמְרָם וְהִנֵּה רָחֵל תְּשׁוּבָה לְמַה שֶׁלֹּא שָׁאַל, אוּלַי שֶׁלֹּא לְהַאֲרִיךְ עִמָּהֶם בִּשְׁאֵלוֹת אָמְרוּ הִנֵּה רָחֵל בִּתּוֹ וְלָהּ תִּשְׁאַל.
1 ?ויאמר להם השלום לו He said to them: "Is he well?" The reason that the shepherds did not say שלום לו, "he is well," which would have answered Jacob's question, is that Jacob's question contained two elements. 1) Is he well physically and economically? and 2) were the shepherds on good terms (at peace) with Laban. By saying merely שלום, the shepherds replied to both of Jacob's enquiries with a single word. When they added that Laban's daughter Rachel was approaching they answered a question Jacob had not asked. They may have done so in order that Jacob should not engage them in any more questions. He could ask Rachel about anything else he wanted to know.
בעוֹד יְכַוְּנוּ לוֹמַר כִּי לְצַד שְׁלוֹמוֹ עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹלֵחַ בַּת קְטַנָּה עִם הַצֹּאן, מַה שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בְּיִתְרוֹ שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹלֵחַ שֶׁבַע בְּנוֹתָיו, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן הָיוּ הָרוֹעִים מְגָרְשִׁים אוֹתָם (שמות ב:יז).
2They may also have wanted to underline the good relations they had with Laban by pointing out that Laban was not afraid to send a young girl to the well with them. This is in contrast with Yitro, who was not at peace with the local shepherds; the Torah had reported that his seven grown up daughters watered the sheep and even their number did not protect them from being abused by the local shepherds.
געוֹד נִתְכַּוְּנוּ לוֹמַר לוֹ שָׁלוֹם, פֵּרוּשׁ: לְמַה שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ לְגוּפוֹ וּלְמַצָּבוֹ עִמָּנוּ שָׁלוֹם, וּכְדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבִין שֶׁרְצוֹנָם לוֹמַר כִּי הוּא בְּעֹשֶׁר וּבִנְכָסִים, גָּמְרוּ אוֹמֶר וְהִנֵּה רָחֵל וְגוֹ׳, וּמִמּוֹצָא דָבָר יֵדַע כִּי לֹא אָמִיד בִּנְכָסִים הוּא כִּי צָרִיךְ לְבִתּוֹ לִרְעוֹת, וְגַם שֶׁמַּסְפֶּקֶת בַּת אַחַת לִרְעוֹת צֹאנוֹ כִּי מְעַט הֵם. וְכַוָּנָתָם בְּדִקְדּוּק הַדְּבָרִים הִיא כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יוֹצִיאוּ מִפִּיהֶם דְּבַר שֶׁקֶר בְּדָבָר שֶׁעָתִיד לְהִתְגַּלּוֹת. אוֹ שֶׁחָשְׁשׁוּ שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהֶם לָבָן לָמָּה הוֹצִיאוּ עָלָיו קוֹל עֹשֶׁר, וּמִטַּעַם עַצְמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (משלי כז:יד) ״מְבָרֵךְ רֵעֵהוּ בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל״ וְגוֹ׳ שֶׁלֹּא יִתְאָרְחוּ אֶצְלוֹ הַרְבֵּה וְיַעֲנִי.
3The one word reply שלום may have had yet another connotation. They meant that regarding Laban's physical wellbeing and his relations with them, those were peaceful. In order for Jacob not to gain the impression that Laban was well to do, they added that he employed his young daughter Rachel as shepherdess, a sign that he could not afford hired help. Moreover, they indicated that Laban's flocks could be managed by a single girl; his possessions could not therefore have amounted to much. They were careful not to utter a lie which would have been revealed as such anyway. Alternatively, they were afraid that Laban might complain to them why they had described him as wealthy. Solomon refers to such considerations in Proverbs 27,14 when he suggests that if someone praises someone else's wealth it is in order that not he but the wealthy person should have the honour of hosting the questioner.
דאוֹ אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁכַּוָּנָתָם לְהוֹדִיעַ לְיַעֲקֹב כִּי לָבָן כִּילַי הוּא בְּמָמוֹנוֹ, וּמְזַלְזֵל בְּעַצְמוֹ שֶׁתִּרְעֶה לוֹ צֹאנוֹ בִּתּוֹ הַיְּקָרָה, וּמִזֶּה יַקִּישׁ לָדַעַת אֶת הָאִישׁ וּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ.
4Yet another meaning that the shepherds could have had in mind by their brief reply was that Laban was a miser with his money and cheapened himself by letting his precious daughter tend his flock. Jacob was thereby invited to form an opinion of the man and his deeds.