Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah

Or HaChaim on Genesis 31:42/אור החיים על בראשית ל״א:מ״ב

אלוּלֵי אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם שֶׁלֹּא הִסְפִּיק לוֹמַר ״אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי אַבְרָהָם״, נִתְכַּוֵּן לוֹמַר שְׁנֵי עִנְיָנִים: אֶחָד, לִהְיוֹתוֹ אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי עָמַד לִי וְהִצִּילַנִי מִיָּדְךָ בִּזְכוּת אָבִי. וְהַשֵּׁנִי, לִהְיוֹתוֹ בַּעַל הַיְּכֹלֶת וּמַשְׁגִּיחַ וְשׁוֹפֵט בְּצֶדֶק וּמַצִּיל עָשׁוּק, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם, פֵּרוּשׁ: אֱלֹהֵי שֶׁפִּרְסֵם אֱלֹהוּתוֹ וַאֲמִתָּתוֹ אַבְרָהָם וְהוֹדִיעַ בָּעוֹלָם נוֹרְאוֹתָיו, אֲשֶׁר הוּא הַבּוֹרֵא הוּא הַמַּשְׁפִּיעַ וְשׁוֹפֵט בְּצֶדֶק, וְזוּלַת זֶה אִם הָיָה לְאָבִי אֱלֹהִים אַחֵר לֹא הָיָה מַצִּיל מִיָּדְךָ, כִּי כַּמָּה אֱלֹהוֹת יֵשׁ שֶׁלֹּא יוֹעִילוּ לְעוֹבְדֵיהֶם, אֵין כֵּאלֹהֵינוּ בָּרוּךְ הוּא.
131.42. לולי אלוקי אבי…היה לי, "Were it not for the fact that my father's G'd the G'd of Abraham helped me, etc." The reason Jacob did not merely say "the G'd of my father Abraham," and chose to repeat the word G'd, was twofold. 1) He meant to say "firstly my father's G'd stood by me because of my father's merits." 2) It was due to the unlimited power of G'd who supervised my fate personally so that I was able to salvage my earnings. When Jacob said: אלוקי אברהם, he meant that it had been Abraham who had spread the fame of that G'd and acquainted mankind with His truth. He demonstrated to the world that G'd judges fairly. Jacob implied that if his father had worshiped a different god such a god could not have saved him.
בעוֹד יְכַוֵּן לוֹמַר עַל זֶה הַדֶּרֶךְ אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי כְּנֶגֶד זְכוּת אָבוֹת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִזְכִּיר שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ שֶׁעָמְדוּ לוֹ, שֶׁהֵם מִדַּת הַחֶסֶד וּמִדַּת הַדִּין. כְּנֶגֶד מִדַּת הַחֶסֶד אָמַר אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם, כְּאָמְרוֹ (מיכה ז:כ) ״חֶסֶד לְאַבְרָהָם״, וּכְנֶגֶד מִדַּת הַדִּין אָמַר וּפַחַד יִצְחָק. וְלָזֶה לֹא אָמַר אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק, לִרְמֹז עַל הַמִּדָּה שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לָהּ, וְזוּלַת זֶה הָיָה אוֹמֵר אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק, שֶׁהֲרֵי מָצִינוּ שֶׁה׳ אָמַר לוֹ (בראשית כח:יג) ״אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק״. וְטַעַם שֶׁהִזְכִּיר שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת אֵלּוּ לוֹמַר כִּי הִפְלִיא חַסְדּוֹ עִמּוֹ, וְגַם עָשָׂה לוֹ מִשְׁפָּט עִם לָבָן, שֶׁהֵם שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת, וְזוּלַת אֶחָד מֵהֶם לֹא הָיָה מַגִּיעוֹ הַטּוֹב לְיַעֲקֹב.
2Jacob had an additional thought when he spoke about "אלוקי אבי" (in addition to אלוקי אברהם). First he spoke about the "G'd of my father," i.e. the merit of his fathers, which assisted him. In the case of Abraham this was the merit of חסד, Abraham's outstanding virtue (compare Micha 7,20). In the case of his father Isaac it was the virtue of justice referred to by Jacob as פחד יצחק, "the One whom Isaac stood in awe of." Jacob refrained from saying אלוקי יצחק in order to be able to allude to his father's outstanding virtue. We find G'd Himself referring to אלוקי יצחק in Genesis 28,14. Jacob mentioned both attributes to illustrate the fact that G'd had done outstanding kindness for him and had also helped him to obtain justice from Laban. Unless G'd had employed both these attributes Jacob would not have attained all that he had.
גאֶת עָנְיִי וגו׳. פֵּירוּשׁ, שֶׁאִם לֹא הָיָה לוֹ הָעֹנִי, הֲגַם שֶׁהָיָה הָאֱמֶת אִתּוֹ, הָיָה ה׳ מַאֲרִיךְ אַפּוֹ וְלָתֵת לוֹ שְׂכָרוֹ לָעוֹלָם הָעֶלְיוֹן, וּלְצַד עָנְיוֹ קִיֵּם לוֹ ה׳ (דברים כד:טו) ״בְּיוֹמוֹ תִתֵּן שְׂכָרוֹ״ וְנָתַן לוֹ יְגִיעַ כַּפּוֹ.
3את עניי ואת יגיע כפי, "my misery and my handiwork." Jacob meant that had it not been for the misery he had suffered G'd would have paid him his reward only in the Hereafter even though he was entitled to it here and now. It was only because of the anguish Jacob experienced that G'd paid him his deserts already now and paid him what was due to him for the labour he had performed (compare Deut. 24,15).