Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Genesis 39:17/אור החיים על בראשית ל״ט:י״ז
אוַתְּדַבֵּר אֵלָיו וְגוֹ׳ לֵאמֹר. פֵּרוּשׁ אָמְרוֹ לֵאמֹר כִּי כֵן יֹאמְרוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַבַּיִת עֵדִים בַּדָּבָר, וְלָזֶה תִּמְצָא שֶׁלֹּא חָרָה אַפּוֹ עַל יוֹסֵף אֶלָּא עַל מַה שֶׁנָּתְנָה חוֹזֶק לִדְבָרֶיהָ מֵהוֹדָעוֹת הַזּוּלַת, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ כִּשְׁמֹעַ אֲדֹנָיו וְגוֹ׳ לֵאמֹר כַּדְּבָרִים וְגוֹ׳, כִּי לֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ הַכָּתוּב לוֹמַר אֶלָּא ״כִּשְׁמֹעַ אֲדֹנָיו דִּבְרֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ״, אֶלָּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לוֹמַר שֶׁלֹּא חָרָה אַפּוֹ אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁשָּׁמַע שֶׁיֵּשׁ מַגִּידִים עַל הַדְּבָרִים, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ ״לֵאמֹר כַּדְּבָרִים״ וְגוֹ׳. עוֹד יִתְבָּאֵר בְּסָמוּךְ:
1 ותדבר אליו..לאמור, She spoke to him…saying. The word לאמור here is meant as a reference to the testimony which the members of the household would be willing to supply. Potiphar's anger was not so much directed at Joseph but at the fact that his wife was able to reinforce her accusations by calling the members of the household as witnesses. This is why the Torah writes: "when his master heard the words of his wife which she spoke to him לאמור כדברים האלה." The Torah did not need to write more than: "when his master heard the words of his wife." We are meant to realise that Potiphar only became angry after לאמור, i.e. that there were independent witnesses supporting his wife's tale.
בלֵאמֹר כַּדְּבָרִים וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ, לֹא שֶׁהֶאֱמִין בָּהּ כִּי כִּדְבָרֶיהָ כֵּן הָיָה, אֶלָּא לְצַד שֶׁאָמְרָה אִשְׁתּוֹ כֵּן עָשָׂה תְּנוּעָה קְטַנָּה, וְלָזֶה לֹא יִסְּרוֹ וְלֹא עָשָׂה לוֹ דָּבָר כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הַנַּעֲשֶׂה לְעֶבֶד הַנּוֹתֵן עֵינָיו בְּאֵשֶׁת אֲדוֹנוֹ.
2לאמור כדברים האלה, to corroborate such words. Potiphar did not believe his wife. Since the accuser was his own wife, however, he had to make some gesture otherwise his wife would have been publicly discredited. This is why Potiphar did not discipline Joseph nor had him executed, the normal penalty for a slave who dared to aspire to the wife of his master.