Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Genesis 46:30/אור החיים על בראשית מ״ו:ל׳
אוַיֹּאמֶר וְגוֹ׳ אָמוּתָה הַפָּעַם וְגוֹ׳. טַעַם אָמְרוֹ הַפָּעַם פֵּרוּשׁ: לֶהֱיוֹת שֶׁאָמַר (בראשית לז:לה) ״כִּי אֵרֵד אֶל בְּנִי אָבֵל שְׁאוֹלָה״, עַתָּה אָמַר לֹא אֶרְאֶה הַשַּׁחַת.
1 ויאמר …אמותה הפעם, He said:.."now I can die, etc." The reason Jacob said "now" is that he had expressed fears of dying on a previous occasion when he heard about Joseph's disappearance.
בעוֹד נִרְאֶה לִלְמֹד בְּדִקְדּוּק אָמְרוֹ כִּי עוֹדְךָ חָי, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לוֹמַר ״אַחֲרֵי רְאוֹתִי פָּנֶיךָ״, וְהַדָּבָר מוּבָן כִּי חַי הוּא. גַּם צָרִיךְ לָדַעַת לָמָּה לֹא אָמַר יַעֲקֹב כֵּן כְּשֶׁבִּשְּׂרוּהוּ הָאַחִים כִּי יוֹסֵף חַי, וּמָצִינוּ שֶׁהֶאֱמִין כְּשֶׁרָאָה הָעֲגָלוֹת (בראשית מה:כו) ״וַתְּחִי רוּחַ״ וְגוֹ׳, וּמַה דָּבָר חָדָשׁ רָאָה?
2Another part of this verse which needs analysis is why Jacob added the words כי עודך חי, "that you are still alive." If Joseph had not been alive how could Jacob have expressed his joy at seeing him? Besides, why did Jacob not make this statement when the brothers had told him that Joseph was still alive in 45,26?
גאָכֵן כַּוָּנַת דִּבְרֵי יַעֲקֹב הֵם כִּי הֲגַם שֶׁנִּתְבַּשֵּׂר כִּי עוֹדֶנּוּ חַי, זֶה הוֹעִיל לָדַעַת שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בַּמְּצִיאוּת, אֲבָל עֲדַיִן לִבּוֹ דַּוָּי עָלָיו לְצַד הֱיוֹתוֹ בֵּין הָאֻמּוֹת, שָׁפָל עֶבֶד מוֹשְׁלִים, אִם עוֹדֶנּוּ בְּצִדְקוּתוֹ וְלֹא כָהֲתָה עֵינוֹ וְלֹא נָס לֵיחוֹ, אוֹ לְצַד הֱיוֹתוֹ מֻבְדָּל מִמֶּנּוּ וְנָתוּן תּוֹךְ הַקְּלִפּוֹת וּבִפְרָט טֻמְאַת מִצְרַיִם, וּמַה גַּם לְצַד מַה שֶׁעֲבָרוֹ מֵרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁאָמַר (בראשית ל״ז) ״טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ״ (בראשית רבה פ׳ פ״ד). וְדָבָר יָדוּעַ הוּא כִּי הַצַּדִּיקִים יוֹתֵר יַחְפְּצוּ בְּהֶעְדֵּר הַבֵּן בִּהְיוֹתוֹ בֵּן מֵבִישׁ, וּמַה גַּם יַעֲקֹב הַצַּדִּיק. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן לֹא הָיְתָה שִׂמְחָתוֹ שְׁלֵמָה מִסָּפֵק זֶה עַד וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו וְהִכִּיר בּוֹ בְּפָנָיו כִּי הַכָּרַת הַפָּנִים תַּעֲנֶה בָּאִישׁ, וּכְמוֹ כֵן מָצִינוּ לְצַדִּיקִים שְׁלֵמִים וְכֵן רַבִּים שֶׁהִכִּירוּ בְּרֹשֶׁם הַפָּנִים מַעֲשֵׂה אָדָם וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ שֶׁיַּכִּיר. לָזֶה כְּשֶׁהִכִּיר בּוֹ אָמַר אֵלָיו ״אָמוּתָה הַפָּעַם״, פֵּרוּשׁ הַפַּעַם הַזֹּאת בִּרְאִיָּתְךָ וְלֹא מִקֹּדֶם כְּשֶׁנִּתְבַּשַּׂרְתִּי, וְהַטַּעַם אַחֲרֵי רְאוֹתִי פָּנֶיךָ וְהִכַּרְתִּי בָּהֶם שֶׁעוֹדְךָ חַי, פֵּרוּשׁ צַדִּיק כְּמִקֹּדֶם וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּנָּה דְּיוֹקְנְךָ מִכְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיָה אֶלָּא עוֹדְךָ חַי, כִּי הַצַּדִּיקִים קְרוּיִים חַיִּים (ברכות י״ח.), וְנָכוֹן.
3Actually Jacob had now reassured himself about something that the brothers could not have told him at the time. He had been satisfied that Joseph was alive, well and powerful; he had not yet been certain that in view of all the experiences Joseph had undergone both as a slave and subsequently as a powerful ruler, that he had been able to preserve his righteousness. Jacob himself had experienced a loss of the presence of Holy Spirit at the time he had mistakenly exclaimed that Joseph had been devoured by a wild beast. He naturally was afraid that Joseph too had been cut off from such Holy Spirit seeing he had lived in close contact with people who represented the קליפה, the personification of impurity. It is a well known fact that the righteous prefer the disappearance of a son to such a son embarassing them by abandoning his spiritual heritage. It was only when he set eyes on Joseph that he realised that Joseph had not changed. We have numerous examples in the Bible of righteous people being able to tell by merely looking at the faces of people that such people were upright and righteous. This is why Jacob was able to say אחרי ראותי את פניך, "after having seen your face." Jacob was now able to accept death without regret whenever it would occur. Berachot 18 mentions that the righteous are called חיים, alive, during their lifetime. Jacob expressed this thought when he called Joseph as "still alive" after having set eyes on him.