Tanach · Acharonim on Tanach · Or HaChaim · Torah
Or HaChaim on Numbers 36:6/אור החיים על במדבר ל״ו:ו׳
אזֶה הַדָּבָר. אָמְרוֹ זֶה הַדָּבָר, יִתְבָּאֵר עַל פִּי מַה שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְּמַסֶּכֶת בָּבָא בַּתְרָא (קכ.) וְזֶה לְשׁוֹנָם: בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד הוּתְּרוּ לִנָּשֵׂא לְכָל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵיהֶם״, אֶלָּא מָה אֲנִי מְקַיֵּם ״אַךְ לְמִשְׁפַּחַת אֲבִיהֶן״ וְגוֹ׳ – עֵצָה טוֹבָה וְכוּ׳, עַד כָּאן. וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ זֶה הַדָּבָר, פֵּרוּשׁ, לְפִי שֶׁקָּדַם וְאָמַר ״כֵּן מַטֵּה בְנֵי יוֹסֵף דּוֹבְרִים״ שֶׁהַדִּין עִמָּם, וְחָזַר וּפֵרַשׁ שֶׁדִּין זֶה שֶׁל בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד לֹא נִכְלַל בְּגֶדֶר גְּזֵרַת מִשְׁפָּט זֶה, וְהוּא אָמְרוֹ זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה׳ לִבְנוֹת צְלָפְחָד שֶׁהָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדָם לַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֵיהֶם וְגוֹ׳. וְדִקְדֵּק לוֹמַר ״זֶה״ לוֹמַר וְלֹא אַחֵר, שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה ה׳ מַעֲלָה זוֹ בְּרִשְׁיוֹן זֶה אֶלָּא לָהֶם, וְהוּא מַה שֶׁרָמַז בְּאָמְרוֹ בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד לֵאמֹר שֶׁאֵין לְתֵבַת ״לֵאמֹר״ מַשְׁמָעוּת, וּלְדַרְכֵּנוּ יְכַוֵּן לוֹמַר כִּי בָא הָאֱלֹהִים בְּמַאֲמָר זֶה לְרוֹמֵם כְּבוֹדָם.
1 זה הדבר, "this is the thing, etc." This expression is explained in Baba Batra 120 as follows: "the daughters of Tzelofchod were permitted free choice of husbands, including husbands who were from different tribes, as it says in our verse לטוב בעיניהם תהיינה לנשים, 'let them be married to whom they think best;'" the question then arises how we can can reconcile this with the words "but let them be married to members of the tribe of their father?" The Talmud answers that these words are not a condition but merely sound advice by the Torah to these girls. Thus far the Talmud. When the Torah said זה הדבר these words were necessary because what preceded them was the Torah's acknowledgment that legally speaking the tribes of Joseph had a sound claim. The Torah therefore had to go on record that the justice of the claim of the tribes of Joseph extended to other daughters inheriting land through their fathers which might become lost to their tribe if such daughters married someone out of their tribe and the Jubilee regulation might alienate such land to the original tribe forever. However, in this single instance of the daughters of Tzelofchod, the general rule did not apply and these daughters were free to be married to men of their choosing even men outside their tribes. The word זה is restrictive and makes an exception of the daughters of Tzelofchod. This is also alluded to in the unnecessary word לאמור in this verse. G'd went out of His way to pay great honour to these girls.